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Anatomy and Physiology Fall 24' > Practical 1 LAB - Microscope and Cells > Flashcards

Practical 1 LAB - Microscope and Cells Flashcards

1
Q

The amount an image is enlarged

A

Magnification

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2
Q

The extent to which image detail is preserved

A

Resolution

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3
Q

The ability of an image to stand out against its background

A

Contrast

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4
Q

Distance between objective & slide on stage, As you increase the magnification you decrease the working distance

A

Working Distance

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5
Q

Increase the magnification you decrease the field of view

A

Field of view

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6
Q

selectively permeable barrier of cell

A

Plasma/Cell membrane

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7
Q

Plasma/Cell membrane

A

selectively permeable barrier of cell

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8
Q

houses genetic info, controls cell structure/functions

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

houses genetic info, controls cell structure/functions

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10
Q

produces ribosomes

A

Nucleoulus

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11
Q

nucleolus

A

produces ribosomes

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12
Q

site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

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13
Q

ribosome

A

protein synthesis site

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14
Q

network of tubules that synthesize lipids (fatty acids and steroids), NO RIBOSOMES

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of tubules that synthesize lipids - fatty acids and steroids

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16
Q

packages, sorts, and transports proteins from ER

A

golgi apparatus

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17
Q

golgi apparatus

A

packages, sorts, and transports proteins from ER

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18
Q

peroxisome

A

small sacs that detoxify alcohol and hydrogen peroxide

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19
Q

small sacs that detoxify alcohol and hydrogen peroxide

A

peroxisome

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20
Q

lysosome

A

contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules

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21
Q

contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules

A

lysosome

22
Q

mitochondrion

A

generate ATP/energy

23
Q

generates ATP/energy

A

mitochondrion

24
Q

centrioles

A

organizing center for growth of mitotic spindles and microtubules, needed for cell division

25
Q

organizing center for growth of mitotic spindles and microtubules, needed for cell division

A

centrioles

26
Q

cytosol

A

fluid portion of cytoplasm that surrounds organelles

27
Q

fluid portion of cytoplasm that surrounds organelles

A

cytosol

28
Q

cytoskeleton

A

network of protein filaments that extend through cytosol

29
Q

network of protein filaments that extend through cytosol

A

cytoskeleton

30
Q

x ray

A
  • projected through the body onto a detector
  • Images form based on which rays pass through versus those that are absorbed or scattered in the patient
31
Q
  • projected through the body onto a detector
  • Images form based on which rays pass through versus those that are absorbed or scattered in the patient
A

x ray

32
Q

ultrasound

A
  • High-frequency sound waves are used to visualize soft tissue structures in the body in real time.
33
Q
  • High-frequency sound waves are used to visualize soft tissue structures in the body in real time.
A

ultrasound

34
Q

computed tomography scan (CT or CAT Scan)

A
  • Noninvasive procedure that uses X-rays and computer technology
  • Shows detailed images of any part of the body
    Ex. Bones, muscles, fat, and organs
35
Q
  • Noninvasive procedure that uses X-rays and computer technology
  • Shows detailed images of any part of the body
    Ex. Bones, muscles, fat, and organs
A

computed tomography scan CAT/CT scan

36
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A
  • Uses a magnetic field and radio wave energy to make pictures of organs & structures
37
Q
  • Uses a magnetic field and radio wave energy to make pictures of organs & structures
A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

38
Q
  • Measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow
  • Relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled
A

functional MRI

39
Q

functional MRI

A
  • Measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow
  • Relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled
40
Q

diffusion tensor imaging

A
  • MRI-based neuroimaging technique which makes it possible to estimate the location and orientation of the brain’s white matter tracts
41
Q

name stages of interphase

A
  1. G1(GAP1): Cell grows to an appropriate size
  2. S(Synthesis): DNA is replicated
  3. G2(GAP2) Checkpoint. Makes sure cell is ready to divide
42
Q

name stages of mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

43
Q

what happens during prophase?

A
  • Nuclear envelope & nucleolus are no longer visible
  • Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
  • Spindle fibers form, made of microtubules
44
Q

which stage of mitosis…
- Nuclear envelope & nucleolus are no longer visible
- Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
- Spindle fibers form, made of microtubules

A

prophase

45
Q

what happens during metaphase

A
  • Chromosomes line up across equator of cell (metaphase plate)
  • Spindle fibers connect chromosomes to both ends of cell
46
Q

what stage of mitosis…
- Chromosomes line up across equator of cell (metaphase plate)
- Spindle fibers connect chromosomes to both ends of cell

A

metaphase

47
Q

what happens during anaphase

A
  • Sister chromatids pulled apart, dragged to opposite ends of cell
48
Q

what stage of mitosis..
- Sister chromatids pulled apart, dragged to opposite ends of cell

A

anaphase

49
Q

what happens during telophase

A
  • 2 polar sets of DNA, Looks like large cell with 2 Nuclei
  • Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of DNA
50
Q

what stage of mitosis?
- 2 polar sets of DNA, Looks like large cell with 2 Nuclei
- Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of DNA

A

telophase

51
Q

what happens during cytokinesis?

A
  • Cleavage furrow: microfilaments pull inwards on cell membrane
  • Separates into two cells
52
Q

name layers of epidermis outer to inner

A

Stratum corneum – Outer most
Stratum lucidum – Thin
Stratum granulosum – Darkly stained
Stratum spinosum – Multilayered
Stratum basale: Mitotically Active cells

Anatomy and Physiology Fall 24' (4 decks)

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