Practical 1 exam flashcards second part

Question 1

Difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms

Answer 1

Angiosperms have seeds enclosed in within an ovary or fruit and are flowers

Gymnosperms have no flower and fruits and have seeds on the leaves and configured as cones

Question 2

Dominant stage of Alternation of Generation for seed plants

Answer 2

Sporophyte

Question 2

Life cycle of a pine tree

Answer 2

Mature sporophyte produces male and female cones that house the sporangia

Spores that are produced are retained and germinate within the cone, producing the male and female gametophytes

Question 3

Answer 3

Megasporangia and microsporangia

Question 4

Structure of a flower

Answer 4

Question 5

How do flowers and fruit improve plant reproduction

Answer 5

Flowers houses reproductive parts of plant

Cross Pollination happens as a result of flowers

Fruits spread seeds and allow them to reproduce

Question 6

Life cycle of a lily

Answer 6

1. Seed
2. Germination
3. Growth
4. Reproduction
5. Pollination
6. Seed spreading stages

Question 7

Why pollen tubes are necessary for pines and lily

Answer 7

Specialized structure used to deliver sperm cells to female gametophyte for double fertilization

Question 8

Identifying characteristics of all fungi

Answer 8

Eukaryotic
Non vascular
Non-motile
Heterotrophic

Question 9

Hyphae

Answer 9

These are the thread-like structures that make up the body (or thallus) of a fungus. They form the mycelium.

Question 10

Mycelium

Answer 10

The mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae). It’s responsible for nutrient absorption and serves as the main feeding structure of the fungus.

Question 11

Conidia

Answer 11

asexual spores produced by fungi during the process of asexual reproduction. They are usually formed at the tips of specialized hyphae called conidiophores.

Question 12

Sporangia

Answer 12

specialized structures in fungi that produce and contain spores.

Question 13

Basidia

Answer 13

Basidia are club-shaped structures found in the Basidiomycota phylum of fungi. They produce basidiospores, which are sexual spores

Question 14

Ascospores

Answer 14

Ascospores are sexual spores produced by fungi in the Ascomycota phylum.

Question 15

Answer 15

Coprophilous (Piilbolus crystallinus)

Phylum Zygomycota

Question 15

Answer 15

Rhizopus

phylum Zygomycota

Question 16

Answer 16

Penicillium

Phylum Ascomycota

Question 17

Answer 17

Peziza (ascocarp)

Phylum Ascomycota

Question 18

Life cycle of Phylum Zygomycota

Answer 18

In the asexual phase, spores are produced from haploid sporangia by mitosis (not shown). ‘

In the sexual phase, plus and minus haploid mating types conjugate to form a heterokaryotic zygosporangium.

Karyogamy then produces a diploid zygote.

Question 19

Life Cycle of phylum ascomycota

Answer 19

Reproduce either asexually or sexually.

During asexual reproduction, the conidiophore produces new spores that mature into sac fungi.

During sexual reproduction, male and female genetic material fuse to form spores that mature into sac fungi.

Question 20

Life Cycle of Phylum Basidomycota

Answer 20

Basidiomycota reproduce sexually, through the formation of specialised cells called basidiospores.

These spores form on a structure called a basidium. Each basidiospore then germinates and grows into a new organism, which mature to form new structures for spore production.