Practical 1

Question 1

Kingdom Protista

Answer 1

Group of eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified in any of the other kingdom (fungi, monera, animal, or plant).

Question 2

Protists always require ______, which ___________.

Answer 2

moisture

restricts them to a narrow range of environmental conditions

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

Organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures, membrane bound nucleus and a cytoskeleton.

Question 4

Protists Feeding

Answer 4

Protists can be heterotrophic (eat other organisms) or autotrophic (produce their own food) or both.

Question 5

How do Amoeba respire?

Answer 5

By exchanging gases through its semi-permeable membrane via diffusion; O2 moves into the cell while CO2 moves out.

Question 6

Why are contractile vacuoles important to the Amoeba?

Answer 6

To regulate water balance.

Question 7

How do Amoeba move if they don’t have muscle?

Answer 7

Their endoplasm flows inside of the wall of ectoplasm to make pseudopodia.

Microfilaments of actin and myosin are associated with these movements.

Question 8

How do Amoeba feed?

Answer 8

The cytoplasm flows around the prey (to form a pseudopod) and engulfs it, with a drop of water, in a food vacuole and secretes enzymes into it.

Question 9

Functions carried out by an Amoeba.

Answer 9

Reproduction
Movement
Digestion

Question 10

Define:

Diffusion

Answer 10

The movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient (from higher to lower concentration).

Question 11

Define (in Amoeba):
Plasma membrane 
Ectoplasm 
Endoplasm
Nucleus 
Contractile vacuole 
Food vacuoles

Answer 11

Plasma membrane – the cell surface of the Amoeba

Ectoplasm - the clear outer region of the protoplasm

Endoplasm - the inner, granular protoplasm

Nucleus - round, large and dark structure in the endoplasm

Contractile vacuole - transparent vesicle that excretes excess water and wastes

Food vacuoles - a cavity in which food is digested

Question 12

How do Euglena feed?

Hint: there are two ways

Answer 12

Photosynthesis (autotrophic): small chloroplasts and stigma that helps them detect and move towards light.

Osmotrophy: absorb nutrients across their plasma membrane via osmotrophy when in the dark.

Question 13

What are the animal characteristics of Euglena?

Answer 13

Gullet, flagella and food reservoir.

Question 14

Paramecium are covered with minute hair-like projections called cilia used for…

Answer 14

Locomotion and feeding.

Question 15

Do Paramecium learn from experience?

Answer 15

No.

Question 16

Describe how Paramecium feed.

Answer 16

1. Uses its cilia to sweep food and water through its oral grode and into its gullet
2. When enough food has accumulated, a vacuole forms in the cytoplasm and then circulates in the cell
3. Once digested, the vacuole ruptures at the anal pore and expels its waste into the environment

Question 17

How do the shells and skeletons of Foraminifera and Radiolaria differ from one another?

Answer 17

Foraminifera seems to have quite robust, strong shells.
Radiolarias’ shells were generally symmetrical and free standing whereas Foraminifera was fairly random and often comprised of multiple shells stuck together.

Question 18

Define:
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism

Answer 18

Commensalism - both members benefit, but each can live independently.

Mutualism - both members benefit and are unable to live independently.

Parasitism - where one member benefits at the expense of the other.