practical 1 Flashcards
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Water Soluble
Released from: Anterior pituitary gland
Target: Thyroid gland
Effects: Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Water Soluble
Released from: Anterior pituitary gland
Target: Ovaries and Testes (gonads)
Effects: F-stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen productions, M- stimulates sperm production
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Water Soluble
Released from: Anterior pituitary gland
Target: Ovaries and testes (gonads)
Effects: F-triggers ovulation and stimulates ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone, M-stimulates testosterone production
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Water Soluble
Released from: Anterior pituitary gland
Target: Adrenal cortex
Effects: Stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and androgens
Growth hormone (GH)
Water Soluble
Released from: Anterior pituitary gland
Target: Liver, muscle, bone, and cartilage
Effects: Stimulates body growth and protein synthesis, mobilizes fat and conserves glucose
Prolactin (PRL)
Water Soluble
Released from: Anterior pituitary gland
Target: Mammary glands
Effects: Stimulates milk production
Oxytocin
Water Soluble
Released from: Posterior pituitary gland
Target: Uterus and mammary glands
Effects: Stimulates powerful uterine contractions during birth and stimulates milk ejection in lactating mothers
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Water Soluble
Released from: Posterior pituitary gland
Target: Kidneys
Effects: Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water (reducing urine output and conserving body water)
Thyroxine (T3) & Triiodothyronine (T4)
Lipid Soluble
Released from: Thyroid gland
Target: Most cells of the body
Effects: Increases basal metabolic rate, regulates tissue growth and development
Calcitonin
Water Soluble
Released from: Thyroid gland
Target: Bones
Effects: Pharmaceutical applications when it’s higher than it should be
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Water Soluble
Released from: Parathyroid gland
Target: Bones and kidneys
Effects: Increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and by stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium
Zona Glomerulosa
Lipid Soluble
Released from: Adrenal cortex
Target: Kidneys
Effects: Increases reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidney tubules, increases the secretion of potassium in the urine
Zona fasciculata
Lipid Soluble
Released from: Adrenal cortex
Target: Most body cells
Effects: Promotes the breakdown of fat and protein, promotes stress resistance, and inhibits the immune response
Zona reticularis
Lipid Soluble
Released from: Adrenal cortex
Target: Bone, muscle, integument, and other tissues
Effects: F-androgens contribute to body growth, the development of pubic and axillary hair, and enhance sex drive, M-N/ A
Chromaffin cells
Water Soluble
Released from: Adrenal medulla
Target: Most body cells
Effects: Mimics sympathetic nervous system activation (fight or flight)
Insulin
Water Soluble
Released from: Pancreas
Target: Most cells of the body
Effects: Accelerates the transport of glucose into body cells; promotes glycogen, fat, and protein synthesis
Glucagon
Water Soluble
Released from: Pancreas
Target: Primarily the liver and adipose
Effects: Accelerates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, stimulates the conversion of lactic acid into glucose, releases glucose into the blood from the liver
Estrogens
Lipid Soluble
Released from: Female gonads (ovaries)
Target: Most cells of the body
Effects: Promote the maturation of the female reproductive organs and the development of secondary sex characteristics
Estrogens & Progesterone
Lipid Soluble
Released from: Female gonads (ovaries)
Target: Uterus and mammary glands
Effects: Regulate the menstrual cycle and promote breast development
Testosterone
Lipid Soluble
Released from: Male gonads (testes)
Target: Most cells of the body
Effects: Promotes the maturation of the male reproductive organs, the development of secondary sex characteristics, sperm production, and sex drive
