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practical 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two parts of the microscope

A

Mechanical an optical

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2
Q

what are the eight parts of the mechanical parts

A

base/foot, pillar, stage, arm/handle, body tube, nose piece, rotating disk, adjustment wheels

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3
Q

What are the three adjustment wheels

A

course, fine and lateral

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4
Q

Bass or foot

A

supports the mechanical and obstacle parts of the whole microscope

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5
Q

pillar

A

support stage and adjustment wheel parts

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6
Q

Stage

A

Carries the slide or holds the specimen in a fixed position

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7
Q

Arm or handle

A

to handle a microscope and move it(carry it)

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8
Q

Body tube

A

hold the eye piece or occular lens 10x

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9
Q

Nose piece

A

Holds the rotating disk in place

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10
Q

Rotating disk

A

holds objective lenses and is used to rotate between them

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11
Q

Coarse adjustment wheel

A

move stage up / down CAN’T be used under high / medium power

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12
Q

Fine adjustment wheel

A

clears or sharpens the image

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13
Q

Lateral adjustment wheel

A

move slide forward, backward, sideways

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14
Q

What are the five parts of the optical parts

A

source of light, condenser, iris diaphragm, ocular lenses, Objective lenses

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15
Q

Source of light or illuminator

A

Controls amount of light or brightness

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16
Q

Condenser

A

select the dispersed light in order to show the specimen on the slide

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17
Q

Iris diaphragm

A

opens and closes or controls the condenser

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18
Q

Objective lenses

A

to magnify the specimen. Has four: low 4x, medium 10x, high 40x, oil immersion 100x

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19
Q

Occular lenses

A

10 X, to view the microscope

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20
Q

What’s the total magnification of a specimen

A

Multiply ocular lens by objective lens magnification

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21
Q

The method of preparing a slide(plant cell /onion)

A

A small chip of onion WAS takeN, the inner part, and the membrane WERE laiD flat on the surface of the slide. A drop of iodine WAS then addED. A thin glass lip WAS lowerED using a 45° angle. The slide WAS then put on the stage of the microscope and WAS examinED starting with low power, then medium and finally high power

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22
Q

What are the two things living organisms are classified under

A

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

23
Q

Prokaryotes kingdom

A

monera

24
Q

Eukaryotic kingdoms

A

Animalia, plantae, Protista, fungi

25
Q

what are the three criteria of classification

A

level of organization, mode of nutrition, motility

26
Q

What are the two levels of organization

A

Unicellular or multicellular

27
Q

Multicellular

A

filamentous- sepetate and aseptate(no septum)(coenocyst)

28
Q

what are the two modes than nutrition

A

autotrophs and heterotrophs

29
Q

autotrophs are grouped into two

A

Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic

30
Q

heterotrophs are grouped into two

A

ingestion and absorption

31
Q

Absorption is grouped into 2

A

Saprophytic and parasitic

32
Q

Motility is split into two, either

A

motile or immotile

33
Q

what’s the scientific comment(criteria or characteristic )of kingdom Plantae (eukaryotes)

A

level of organization: multicellular, motive nutrition: autotrophs photosynthetic, motility: immotile

34
Q

Classification of kingdom Plantae

A 
Group: living things, sub group: eukaryotes, division: angiosperms, class 1: monocotyledonous plants, 
class 2: dicotyledonous plants
35
Q

example of kingdom plantae: plant leaves

A

Morphology of the leaf: 1. dicotyledonous leaf- dorsiventral leaf, reticulate venation . 2. Monocotyledonous leaf- isobilateral leaf, parallel venation

36
Q

Dicot leaves the venation is… While monocot leaves the venation is…

A

reticulate, parallel

37
Q

Dicot leaves cuticles are…, While monocot leaves cuticle are…

A

upper epidermis more than lower, equal thickness in upper and lower epidermis

38
Q

Dicot leaves stomata or… While Monica leaves stomata are…

A

distribute in lower epidermis more than an upper epidermis, equal in upper and lower epidermis

39
Q

dicot leaves mesophyll layer is…, Monocot leaves mesophyll layer…

A

two types of cells, one type of cell

40
Q

Dicot leaves vascular bundle is…, Monica leaves vascular bundle…

A

One and central, more than one

41
Q

General characteristics of kingdom Protista

A

sub kingdoms: protozoa and algae

42
Q

Spirogyra specimen

A

Group: living organisms, subgroup eukaryotes, Subkingdom algae, division: Chlorophyta

43
Q

Spyro Gyra specimen scientific comments or characteristics

A

eukaryotes, multicellular, sepetate, autotrophic, immotile, spiral plastid

44
Q

General characteristics of kingdom fungi (scientific comment)

A

eukaryotes, multicellular or unicellular, heterotrophs, immotile

45
Q

Rhizopus specimen classification

A

Group: living organisms, sub group: eukaryotes, kingdom: fungi, division: zyomycota

46
Q

Scientific comment of rice of rhizopus specimen or bread mole

A

multicellular-filamentous/Asepetate
heterotrophic-absorption/saprophytic
immotile
3 types of hyphae: stolen, rhizoid, sporangiophae

47
Q

General characteristics of kingdom Monera (scientific comment)

A

living things, prokaryotes, level of organization: unicellular organisms, mode of nutrition: heterotrophs by absorption/parasites/saprophytes
auto troves by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis process
motility: motile or immotile

48
Q

Kingdom Monera contains to sub kingdoms:

A

bacteria and cyanobacteria

49
Q

General characteristics or scientific comment of subkingdom bacteria

A

level of organization: prokaryotes, unicellular organisms
motive nutrition: auto troves by absorption/parasites/saprophytes, autotrophs by chemosynthesis process
motility: motile or immotile

50
Q

Shapes of bacteria

A
  1. coccus shaped
  2. bacillus shape
  3. sprilium shape
  4. Vibrio or comma shape
51
Q

what are the four coccus shaped bacteria

A

single cocci, diplococci, streptococci, stophylococci

52
Q

What are the four types of bacillus shaped bacteria

A

1. single bacillus

  1. diplocilli
  2. strepobacilli
53
Q

classification of single bacillus

A

sub group: prokaryos, group: living organisms, kingdom: Monera, Subkingdom: bacteria, class one: bacteria cocci, class 2: bacteria bacilli

cell bio (2 decks)

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