Prac Questions - histopath Flashcards
Which of the following post mortem findings is
most likely to cause an animal to die of shock
a. Ruptured aorta
b. Neoplasm in the brain
c. Rupture in a large lymphatic vessel
d. Multiple emboli in the lungs
Ruptured aorta
You post mortem a cat. Its thoracic cavity contains large volumes of
slightly yellow but transparent, watery fluid. No fluid accumulation was
noted elsewhere. i.what is the diagnosis? ii. Possible cause
• i. active hyperaemia ii. Inflammation
• i. ischaemia ii. Shock
• i. oedema ii. Low protein diet
• i. oedema ii. Tumour around mediastinal lymphatic vessels
• i. oedema ii. Tumour around mediastinal lymphatic vessels
Why is a small volume of haemorrhage in the
brain potentially fatal?
• The brain lacks blood vessels and so cannot form collateral circulation
• The brain lacks phagocytic cells and so cannot absorb and recycle iron lost in haemorrhage
• The brain has very limited capacity to expand to accommodate for extra material
• Blood in the cerebrospinal fluid can decrease its normal flow and cause it to accumulate
Blood in the cerebrospinal fluid can decrease its normal flow and cause it to accumulate
Which type of cell does not typically undergo
hyperplasia?
• haematopoietic stem cell
• intestinal epithelial cell
• mature cardiomyocyte
• hepatocyte
mature cardiomyocyte
What is a possible outcome of cell ageing?
• Senescence
• Apoptosis
• Neoplasia
• All of the above
All of the above
Which ONE of the following statements regarding
accumulation of oxygen-derived free radicals within cells is
NOT CORRECT?
• Formation of protein-protein disulphide bonds
• Single-stranded breaks in DNA
• Lipid peroxidation of membranes
• Inactivation of multicatalytic proteasome complex
Inactivation of multicatalytic proteasome complex
Which ONE of the following statements regarding the consequences of decrease
intracellular ATP in ischaemic cells is NOT CORRECT?
Decreased intracellular ATP induces:
• Reduced activity of the plasma membrane energy-dependent Na
pump
• Increased anaerobic glycolysis
• Reduction of K+ efflux
• Rapid depletion of glycogen stores
Reduction of K+ efflux
Which enzymes are the central mediators of
apoptosis?
• Caspases
• Lysozyme
• Peroxidases
• NADPH oxidase
Caspases
You post mortem a dog and there is a diffuse yellow
discolouration of the subcutaneous fat, the sclera and the
intima of the great blood vessels.
• Amyloidosis
• Lipofuscinosis
• Jaundice
• Haemosiderosis
Jaundice
Which one of the following statements
regarding amyloidosis is NOT correct?
• The deposition of amyloid fibril proteins of the AL type is associated
with certain forms of plasma cell tumours
• AA fibrils are derived by proteolysis from the serum amyloid-associate
(SAA) protein synthesised in the liver
• AL protein accumulation is observed in chronic inflammatory
conditions
• Beta-amyloid protein constitutes the core of cerebral plaques found
in aged dogs
AL protein accumulation is observed in chronic inflammatory
conditions
Shock (cardiovascular collapse) occurs when blood pressure is inadequate
for tissue perfusion. List TWO (2) possible causes of shock.(2 marks)
Any of the answers as below gets one mark:
• Rapid loss of large volumes of blood (haemorrhage acceptable)
• Loss of large volumes of fluid (diarrhea, vomiting, burns)
• Cardiac pathology
• Blood maldistribution
• Systemic allergic reaction
• endotoxaemia
Briefly define the phenomenon of infarction.
(1 mark)
Tissue NECROSIS (0.5) due to reduction in blood supply (0.5)
Outline THREE (3) factors influencing the development and
consequences of infarction. (3 marks)
Outline means “give a summary of…” “general description”…it’s not
just listing.
• Site of infarct: most severe in tissues susceptible to infarction and
vital for survival (CNS, myocardium, kidney)
• Anatomy of the blood supply (0.5): tissue with end artery type of
blood supply without collaterals (spleen, kidney) more prone to
infarction
• Rate of vessel occlusion: chronic occlusion less likely causing
infarction due to formation of collateral vessels
Indicate TWO (2) possible causes of the oedema secondary to increased hydrostatic pressure. (1 mark)
Just oedema secondary to increased hydrostatic pressure!
0.5 marks/each correct answer:
• 1) obstruction of veins
• 2) cardiac failure
List THREE (3) causes of metastatic calcification in veterinary
medicine
1 mark/each cause:
• Chronic kidney disease
• Toxicosis with vitamin D
• Consumption of rodenticide containing cholecalciferol
• Neoplasia of parathyroids
Also acceptable: diets with excess of phosphorus, PTH-like factors
secreted by non-endocrine tumours
