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PR2 (wrong) Flashcards

1
Q

helps understand the research topic

A

Purpose of literature review

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2
Q

provides a critical written account of the
current state of research on your selected topic

A

Purpose of literature review

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3
Q

provides a critical written account of the
current state of research on your selected topic

A

Purpose of literature review

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4
Q

How to write literature review?

A
  • look for references to strengthen claims and
    understanding about the topic
  • prepare an outline (ex. concept mapping)
    find models to get themes
    (read, read, and read)
  • be selective and prepare a matrix to organize
    information from various sources
  • organize content and synthesize findings
  • do not over quote by highlighting the essential or
    main point
  • give credit to the sources by citing references
  • cite only what you have read and understood
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5
Q

Examples of websites to find reliable sources

A

connectedpapers.com
inciteful.xyz
litmaps.com

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6
Q

tips on evaluating sources

A
  • evaluating digital information can be a complex process
  • avoid letting any one source “hijack your consciousness”
  • critically evaluating how and why information
    was created and by whom (
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7
Q

Methods in evaluating sources

A

CRAAP Test
SIFT Test
Boolean searching

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8
Q

developed by librarians at California State University-Chico

A

CRAAP Test

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9
Q

handy checklist to use when evaluating a
web resource (or ANY resource)

A

CRAAP Test

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10
Q

decides whether or not a source is reliable
and credible enough to use in research paper

A

CRAAP Test

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11
Q

first-line examination of the website - also
called vertical reading

A

CRAAP Test

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12
Q

What does CRAAP mean?

A

Currency - timeliness
Relevance - importance
Authority - source
Accuracy - reliability, truthfulness, correctness
Purpose - reason

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13
Q

CRAAP: When was the information published or posted? Has the information been revised or updated?

A

Currency - timeliness of the information

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14
Q

CRAAP: Does your topic require current information, or will older sources work as well? Are the links functional?

A

Currency - timeliness of the information

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15
Q

CRAAP: Does the website’s copyright date match the content’s currency? Or is it just a standard range?

A

Currency - timeliness of the information

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16
Q

CRAAP: Does the information relate to your topic or answer your question? Who is the intended audience?

A

Relevance - importance of the information

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17
Q

CRAAP: Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e. not too elementary or advanced for your needs)?

A

Relevance - importance of the information

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18
Q

CRAAP: Have you looked at a variety of sources before determining this is one you will use?

A

Relevance - importance of the information

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19
Q

CRAAP: Who is the author/publisher/source/sponsor What are the author’s credentials or organizational
affiliations

A

Authority - source of the information

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20
Q

CRAAP: is the author qualified to write on the topic? Is there contact information, such as a publisher or
email address

A

Authority - source of the information

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21
Q

CRAAP: Does the URL reveal anything about the author or Source?

A

Authority - source of the information

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22
Q

CRAAP: Where does the information come from? Is the information supported by evidence

A

Accuracy - reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content

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23
Q

CRAAP: Where does the information come from? Is the information supported by evidence?

A

Accuracy - reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content

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24
Q

CRAAP: Has the information been reviewed or refereed? Can you verify any of the information in another source or from personal knowledge?

A

Accuracy - reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content

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25
Q

CRAAP: Does the language or tone seem unbiased and free of emotion? Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors?

A

Accuracy - reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content

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26
Q

CRAAP: What is the purpose of the information? Is it to inform, teach, sell, entertain or persuade? Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or
purpose clear?

A

Purpose - reason the information exists

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27
Q

CRAAP: Is the information fact, opinion or propaganda? Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?

A

Purpose - reason the information exists

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28
Q

CRAAP: Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious, institutional or personal biases?

A

Purpose - reason the information exists

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29
Q

created by Mike Caulfield at Washington State University

A

SIFT METHOD

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30
Q

Eevaluate source in the larger information
ecosystem, rather than as a silo all its ownTHOD

A

SIFT METHOD

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31
Q

form of lateral reading allowing searchers to
move laterally across connected sites

A

SIFT METHOD

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32
Q

Meaning of SIFT

A

Stop - remember what your purpose
is
Investigate - importance
Find - other coverage
Trace - claims, quotes, and media back to
the original context

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33
Q

SIFT: What do you need from this source, and what type of information do you need it to provide? What are the major claims being made here?

A

Stop

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34
Q

SIFT: Do you see any issues that should be verified or
investigated further?

A

Stop

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35
Q

Make a plan to put this source in the context of other
information, not just what it presents here

A

Stop

36
Q

SIFT: What can you find online? What do other organizations say about this source

A

Investigate

37
Q

SIFT: Does this scholarly article have any associated
commentary, editorials, or corrections/errata? Has it been retracted?

A

Investigate

38
Q

Where does your news source or website fall on
the political spectrum? Has it been investigated
by fact checkers? Who funds the source

A

Investigate

39
Q

SWIFT: Did you find other sources on the same question or topic? Are those sources in consensus with the source you originally found, or do they have different information?

A

Find the coverage

40
Q

SWIFT: Would these new sources be more appropriate for your information needs?

A

Find the coverage

41
Q
  • Apply lateral reading to the new source. what are other websites or organizations saying about this new source? How does this new coverage put your original source in context
A

Find the coverage

42
Q

SWIFT: If a blog post refers to a scholarly study, find the original study - does it claim what the website
claims it does?

A

Trace

43
Q

SWIFT: Has that study been retracted or otherwise edited in the meantime? Research the claims made on your source.

A

Trace

44
Q

SWIFT: Does the general scholarly consensus agree with what is stated? What is the original context for
these claims?

A

Trace

45
Q

By George Boole

A

Boolen Searching

46
Q

used by most databases to focus searches

A

Boolen Searching

47
Q

three Boolean operators are recognized by
most databases

A

AND, OR, and NOT

48
Q

Boolean: use to connect two or more concepts

*Narrows your search
*Retrieve less results
*Results will contain both concepts

A

“And”

49
Q

Boolean: some database use “+” instead AND

A

And

50
Q

Boolean: use to connect two or more similar concepts (synonyms)

  • Broadens your search
    *Retrieve more results
    *Not all results will contain both concepts
A

OR

51
Q

Boolean: use to exclude concepts from your search

*Narrows your search
* Tells the database to ignore results with one
concept - even if those results contain other
concepts used the search

A

NOT

52
Q

start with the big picture about your topic

A

Boolean searching

53
Q

state the purpose of your study, its main idea
of problem and your capacity and interest
as a researcher for doing the study

A

Boolean searching

54
Q

end up with the intended contribution of the
study in your field of interest

A

Boolean searching

55
Q

Examples of library databases

A

Academic Search Premier &
MasterFile Premier)

56
Q

Search engines

A

Google & Bing)

57
Q

Types of information retrieved in library databes

A
  • Scholarly journal articles
  • Popular magazine articles
    Newspaper articles
  • Reference book articles (e.g.,
    directories, encyclopedias)
  • Books
  • No sponsors or ads
58
Q

Types of information retrieved in information from search engines

A
  • Few free scholarly journal articles
    and books
  • Popular websites (e.g., Wikipedia)
  • Educational websites
  • Government web sites (e.g., Library of
    Congress, Kansas.gov)
  • Statistics (e.g., U.S. Census Bureau)
  • Organizational web sites (e.g., American Psychological Association)
  • Many sponsors and ads
59
Q

When to use library databases

A

Best for college level research
* When you need to find
credible information
quickly

60
Q

When to use search engines

A
  • Best for personal information needs including shopping and entertainment
  • When you have time to more carefully evaluate information found on the open web
61
Q

Credibility / Review Process of library databases

A
  • Articles and books written by journalists or experts in a professional field.
  • All material in database is evaluated for accuracy
    and credibility by subject experts and publishers.
  • Reviewed and updated regularly
62
Q

Credibility / Review Process of search engines

A
  • Lack of control allows anybody to publish their opinions and ideas.
  • not evaluated (for the most part). Need to be more carefully evaluate web sites for bias, accuracy, and completeness.
  • Many sites are not updated regularly and can become outdated
63
Q

Constancy / Permanence / Stability of library dabases

A
  • Published content from journals, magazines, newspapers, and books does not change
  • Most material remains in database for a significant
    length of time and can be
    easily retrieved again
64
Q

Constancy / Permanence / Stability of search engines

A
  • Web site content can often change
  • Web pages and sites may disappear for a number of reasons. May not be able to retrieve the same content at a later time
65
Q

to identify the sources used in your work

A

to cite

66
Q

Specific details are noted to help the reader find the source

A

citing references

67
Q

Where do citations appear
in a research paper?

A

In-text citation (parenthetical & narrative)
Reference Citation

68
Q

acknowledgment of the quote or paraphrase
from a source included in the text

A

In-text citation

69
Q

follows the author0-date method

A

In-text citation

70
Q

complete, alphabetical list of all the sources used

A

Reference citation

71
Q

also called bibliography or works cited

A

Reference citation

72
Q

include the year in every parenthetical citation

A

Repeating citation

73
Q

when can the year be omitted from an in-text citation?

A

only when multiple narrative citations to a work appear within a single paragraph.

74
Q

what to do if you cite multiple works by the same
author or authors, regardless of the publication years,

A

include the date in every in-text citation to prevent
ambiguity

75
Q

Four Elements of a reference entry

A

Author
Date
Title
Source

76
Q

how is the citation arranged in the list

A

Author. (Date). Title. Source

77
Q

stdsolution to missing author

A

Provide the title, date, and source

Title. (Date). Source.

78
Q

solution to missing date

A

Provide the author, write “n.d.” for “no
date,” and then provide the title
and source

Author. (n.d.). Title.

79
Q

What to do with missing author and date

A

Provide the title, write “n.d.” for “no date,” and then
provide the source

Title. (n.d.). Source

80
Q

What to do when your there is no author and title

A

Describe the work in square brackets, and then provide the date and source

[Description of work]. (Date). Source

81
Q

What to do when there is no author, date and title

A

Describe the work in square brackets, write “n.d.” for “no date,” and then provide the source/ [Description of work]. (n.d.). Source

82
Q

What to do when there is no source

A

Cite as a personal ommunication or
find another work to cite (see the Publication Manual
for more information)

No reference list

83
Q

refers broadly to person(s) or group responsible
for a work

A

authors

84
Q

but also others who played primary roles in the creation of a work, such as
the editor(s) of a book, the director of a film, the
principal investigator of a grant, a podcast host, and
so on

A

Authors

85
Q

may be
* an individual
* multiple people
* a group (institution, government agency or
organization) or
* a combination of people and groups

A

authors

86
Q

often government agencies,
nonprofit organization, and task forces

A

group authors

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