pr2 Flashcards
a PREDICTION OF WHAT YOUR STUDY WILL FIND
HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
a PREDICTED ANSWER to your research question
an INTELLIGENT GUESS on the relationship between your variables
HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
CHARACTERISTICS of
WELL-DEFINED HYPOTHESIS:
(see answer agad)
states the expected relationship between variables
testable
derived from the problem statement
simple and concise
If the RESULT of the experiment is the SAME AS THE HYPOTHESIS
=HYPOTHESIS IS ACCEPTED
If the RESULT of the experiment is the EXACT OPPOSITE OF THE HYPOTHESIS
=HYPOTHESIS IS REJECTED
-a hypothesis formulated when predicting a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.
The stress level of fathers is related to the stress level of mothers.
Simple Hypothesis
-a hypothesis formulated when predicting the relationship of two or more independent variables to two or more dependent variables.
The hours of reviewing and study preference has no relationship with students’ score in Periodical Exam.
Complex Hypothesis
-a hypothesis that specifies not only the existence but also the expected direction of relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Directional Hypothesis
-a hypothesis that does not stipulate the direction of relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Non-Directional Hypothesis
-a hypothesis formulated for the purpose of statistical analysis
-always expressed as a negative statement
Peer tutoring has no significant effect on students’ reading fluency.
Null Hypothesis
- used as contrary or as an alternate to Null Hypothesis
There is a significant relationship between peer tutoring and student’s level of reading fluency.
Alternative Hypothesis
-are propositions considered to be true depending on the presupposition without the distinction of the facts.
ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY
This section forms the “foundation of your paper”, because the results obtained are dependent on the procedure (Katz, 2006).
It describes the broad philosophical underpinning to your chosen research methods, including whether you are using qualitative or quantitative methods, or a mixture of both, and why.
METHODOLOGY
It refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem.
It constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This can be used to develop new skills or new approaches and to solve problems with direct application to the classroom or working world setting.
Its objective is situational, its sample restricted and unrepresentative, and it has little control over independent variables.
ACTION RESEARCH
This method can be applied by studying intensively the background, status, and environmental interactions of a given social unit: an individual, group, institution, or community.
This includes the In-depth investigations of a given entity and examines a small number of units across large number of variables and conditions.
CASE AND FIELD STUDY
This can used to investigate possible cause-and-effect relationships by observing some existing consequences and searching back through the data for plausible causal factors.
It is “ex post facto” in nature, which means the data are collected after all the events of interest have occurred. The investigator then takes one or more effects
(dependent variables) and examines the data by going back through time, seeking out causes, relationships, and their meanings.
CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE
This method is used to investigate the extent to which variations in one factor correspond with variations in one or more other factors based on correlation coefficients.
This method is appropriate where variables are very complex and/ or do not lend themselves to the experimental method and controlled manipulation; permits the measurement of several variables and their interrelationships simultaneously and in
a realistic setting; and gets at the degrees of relationship.
CORRELATIONAL
This method is used to describe systematically the facts and characteristics of a given population or area of interest, factually and accurately.
The characteristics of this research are accumulating database to describe a situation, event or entity.
DESCRIPTIVE
This method is used to investigate patterns and sequences of growth and/or change as a function of time.
DEVELOPMENTAL
It is rigorous, systematic, and exhaustive.
The data can be obtained from primary sources and secondary sources.
HISTORICAL
It is a type of research design that lacks the random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups, a key feature of true experimental designs.
In this studies, researchers take advantage of naturally occurring groups or conditions, and they do not have the same level of control over variables as in a true experiment.
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
A research design that includes the key element of random assignment of participants to different experimental conditions.
This type of research design is considered the gold standard for establishing cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
TRUE EXPERIMENTAL
