gin bayog

Question 1

• make up cells in the body

Answer 1

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

Question 2

Organic molecules are also known as (?) due to their relatively large size as compared to inorganic compounds.

Answer 2

macromolecules

Question 3

A chain of carbon atoms is called (?) and this can bond with carbon rings to form larger or
more complex molecules.

Answer 3

carbon skeleton

Question 4

Carbon- based molecules are often the results of smaller molecules called subunits, linked together in a chain. Each subunit molecule is called a

Answer 4

monomer

Question 5

Monomers that link together, to form complex molecules
are called

Answer 5

polymers

Question 6

are the most abundant organic compounds in living organisms that is responsible for as much 15% of the body’s dry weight.

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

Protein are polymers made up of a chain of the basic building blocks called

Answer 7

amino acids

Question 8

type of protein that Form the structural parts of cells and tissues

keratin, collagen, myosin

Answer 8

STRUCTURAL

Question 9

type of protein chemical reactions in human body; formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA and for digestive system

amylase, protease, lipase Trypsin

Answer 9

ENZYMATIC

Question 10

type of protein in which membrane protein in form of channel and carrier protein

sodium-potassium pumps, GLUT1, proton pump, calcium ATPase,

Answer 10

TRANSPORT

Question 11

type of protein which defense system is against disease-causing foreign organisms

keratin, collagen, and elastin Salivary amylase, ptyalin

Answer 11

DEFENSE

Question 11

type of protein which regulates body function-growth factors

peptidase or amylase

Answer 11

REGULATORY/ SIGNAL

Question 12

type of protein that allow movement and cause muscle contraction

actin, mysosin

Answer 12

CONTRACTILE

Question 13

type of protein that reserves of amino acids for growth and development

albumin

Answer 13

STORAGE

Question 14

serves as the cell’s source
of energy and building material.

made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules

Answer 14

Carbohydrates

Question 15

Are simple sugars with only one sugar unit

Answer 15

monosaccharides

Question 16

such as glyceraldehyde (C3H6O3), is a monosaccharide with three carbon atoms,

Answer 16

Triose,

Question 17

such as ribose (C5H12O5), is a
monosaccharide
with five carbon atom.

Answer 17

Pentose,

Question 18

with six carbon atoms (C6H12O6) fructose(
corn sugar), galactose, mannosem and glucose
(dextrose- blood sugar)

Answer 18

Hexose,

Question 19

are highly soluble in water and can easily pass through membranes such as cell membranes.

Answer 19

Monosaccharides

Question 20

are instant sources of energy in the cell

Answer 20

Glucose

Question 21

is commonly found in plants but rarely found in animals. Sweetest known sugar fruits, such as ripe mangoes, melon and sugar apple.

Answer 21

Fructose

Question 22

is an indispensable component of the mammalian blood and is found at least small amount in all animals.

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

are simple sugar forming the backbones of RNA and DNA.

Answer 23

Ribose and deoxyribose

Question 24

Are complex sugars made up of two molecules of monosaccharides chemically joined together.

Answer 24

disaccharides

Question 25

the common table sugar, is a disaccharide formed from the chemical combination of glucose and fructose. is found in sugarcane, sugar beets, carrots, and other sweet fruits. It is not found in mammals.

Answer 25

Sucrose,

Question 26

are malt sugar is made up of two glucose molecules, which occur in malted cereals and sprouting grains.

Answer 26

Maltose

Question 27

or milk sugar is composed of one molecule of galactose and one molecule of glucose.

Answer 27

Lactose

Question 28

A disaccharide can be broken down into simple sugars by heating it with acids or heating it with acids or treating it with suitable enzyme. The chemical reaction where water molecule is added to split a disaccharide into its component units is called

Answer 28

hydrolysis or hydrolytic reaction

Question 29

glucose+fructose

Answer 29

sucrose

Question 30

galactose+glucose

Answer 30

lactose

Question 31

glucose+glucose

Answer 31

maltose

Question 32

Are complex sugars made up of chains or branches of monosaccharides formed by condensation reaction.

Answer 32

polysaccharides

Question 33

are capable of acting as energy storage or structural molecules as parts of cell structures.

Answer 33

Polysaccharides

Question 34

Starch and glycogen are examples of (?), while cellulose and chitin are examples of (?).

Answer 34

storage polysaccharides, structural polysaccharides

Question 35

is a storage of carbohydrate in plants composed entirely of glucose molecules. It is commonly found in potato tubers, cassava, carrots, corn, and cereals.

Answer 35

Starch

Question 36

is a storage carbohydrates in animals, which accumulates in the liver and muscle cells of vertebrates.

Answer 36

Glycogen

Question 37

Glycogen and starch are ideal storage polysaccharides for the following reasons: (see answer agad)

Answer 37

Both can easily broken down into glucose molecules when needed Both are insoluble in water, thus, do not affect osmotic pressure in cell. Both have compact shape, thus, occupy less space. Both cannot diffuse through cell membranes because of their relatively large size

Question 38

is a rich supply of glucose, but human and many animals are not capable of digesting it. Ruminants, eat cellulose-rich materials such as grass and hay but rely on bacteria present in their digestive tract to digest cellulose.

Answer 38

Cellulose

Question 39

is a structural polysaccharide in the outer coverings of crustaceans and insect. It has protective and supportive functions. It is highly insoluble and does not expand in water, making animals survive aquatic environments. is also an effective source of surgical sutures or threads due to its flexibility and strength. Aside from medical uses chitin is also used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological

Answer 39

Chitin

Question 40

are organic substances that include fats and fat-lie substances, such as phospholipid, wax, steroid, and sphingolipid. are generally hydrophobic substances and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, such as benzene, ether, and chloroform. Lipids is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but contain less oxygen in proportion to hydrogen.

Answer 40

Lipids

Question 41

Lipids in living organisms have the following functions: (see answer agad)

Answer 41

Solvent for fat-soluble vitamins and hormones. Prevents water loss from skin surface. The thin layer of oil secreted by sebaceous glands in the skin prevents water evaporation. Essential parts of cell structures such as cell membrane. Insulating material to prevent heat loss and protection against extreme cold. Source and storage of energy. Lipids provide twice as much energy per pound as carbohydrates.

Question 42

Fats can be broken down into simpler compounds by the addition of water or hydrolysis. Three molecules of water are needed to break one molecule of fat into its component glycerol and three fatty acids with the aid of an enzyme called

Answer 42

lipase

Question 43

are solid at room temperature. These are mostly found in animals. Lard, margarine, and butter

Answer 43

Saturated fatty acids

Question 44

occur in liquid state at room temperature. They are mainly found in plants- vegetable oil and corn oil.

Answer 44

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 45

are organic compounds that function for the storage of genetic information, which is transmitted from one generation to the next in all living organisms. also function in protein synthesis, as they carry the code needed in the formation of specific proteins.

Answer 45

Nucleic acids

Question 46

The types of nucleic acids in living organisms are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Both types of nucleic acids are made up of the basic building blocks called

Answer 46

nucleotide

Question 47

The structure of DNA as a double-stranded helix molecule was first described by (?) and (?) in 1953.

Answer 47

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 48

Sugar: Deoxyribose (C5H10O9)

Answer 48

DNA

Question 49

Sugar: Ribose (C5H10O5)

Answer 49

DNA

Question 50

Strand Double-stranded

Answer 50

DNA

Question 51

Strand: Single-stranded

Answer 51

RNA

Question 52

Nitrogenous bases: Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Answer 52

DNA

Question 53

Nitrogenous bases: Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine

Answer 53

RNA

Question 54

Location: Mainly in nucleus but also found in mitochondria and chloroplast

Answer 54

DNA

Question 55

Location: Found in cytoplasm and nucleus

Answer 55

RNA