Pr 2 Flashcards
Definition of HOTS
Higher Order Thinking Skills
It is concerned with numbers, statistics, and relationship between events/numbers
Quantitative
It uses data that do not indicate ordinal values. It aims to study things in their natural setting, in terms of meanings people bring to them
Qualitative
To generate knowledge and create understanding about social world
Quantitative
To interpret what participants have said in order to explain why they have said it
Qualitative
Large sample size
Structured research method
Highly reliable outcome
Quantitative
Researcher as a key instrument
Multiple sources of data
The meaning of the participants
Qualita
Reusable outcome
Numerical outcome
Generalization of outcome
Prior study
Quantitative
Design the develops
Theoretical perspective
Interpretive
Focus on casualty
Emphasis on objectivity
Qualitative
Specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic
Methodology
can include data, information, or resources that enter the system.
Input
can include results, products, or outcomes produced by the processes.
Output
Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a more holistic understanding of a research question
Mixed methods research
These are studies or nvestigations which are already completed or finished to which the present study is related. They are unpublished material such as manuscripts, thesis, and other dissertation conducted in the Philippines and other research publications.
Local Studies
It is composed of news, knowledge, blogs, and papers from other countries that or from other countries that offer great importance to your work or analysis.
Global literature/ foreign literature
A survey is the most popular kind of quantitative research that allows you to gather data from a wider audience across multiple sources.
Survery research
seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable.
Descriptive research
attempts to determine the extent of a relationship between two or more variables using statistical data.
Correlational research
attempts to establish cause- effect relationships among the variables.
Causal-comparative/quasi- experimental research
often called true experimentation, uses the scientific method to establish the [cause-effect] relationship among a group of variables that make up a study.
Experimental research
Is a learning process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information about people, things, places, or events
Inquiry
Can be a way of life, it is the basis for many of the important decisions in our lives.
Research
Sometimes called an [experimental or predictor variable]
Independent variable
the aim is to manipulate an independent variable(s) and then examine the effect that this change has on a dependent variable(s).
Experimental research
is the relationship between two or more variables.
Correlation
involves selecting groups, upon which a variable is tested, without any random pre-selection processes.
Quasi- experimental design
the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation.
Dependent variable
variables that have two or more categories, but which do not have an intrinsic order.
Nominal variable
nominal variables which have only two categories or levels. For example, if we were looking at gender, we would most probably categorize somebody as either “male” or “female”.
Dichotomous variables
a one where the difference between two values is meaningful.
Interval variable
has all the properties of an interval variable, but also has a clear definition of 0.0.
Ratio variable
A research that lacks the manipulation of an independent variable, random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of conditions, or both.
Non-experimental research
problem with just enough information about the scope and purpose of the study to provide an initial understanding of the research
Research problem
More specific, focused statements and questions that communicate in greater details the nature of the study
Research statement
Include explanations of how to do something
Non- researchable problems
These are topics that depend greatly on the writers opinion
Controversial topics
For a beginner, researching a topic that require an available data or reading materials
Highly technical subjects
Subject is hard to investigate if there is no available data or reading materials
Hard to investigate subject
Subject or a topic that are too broad will prevent the researcher from giving a concentrated
Too broad subjects
Choosing topics like these will prevent you from having a clear insight or focus on your study
Vague subjects
Describes in concrete (rather than theoretical) terms what you expect will happen in your study
Hypothesis
Your prediction specifies a direction, and the null therefore is the one difference prediction and the prediction of the opposite direction
One tailed hypothesis
