Pq 2 Flashcards
Which lymph nodes can you feel in rectal examination of a horse?
Mesenteric lns , cecal ln.
What recess can you find at acute margin of the lung?
Recessus costodiaphragmaticus
What are the puncta maxima of the heart?
spp Valve Left side Right side Eq Pulmonary Tr. 3 i.c. (mid D/3) Aorta 4 i.c. (5 cm below shoulder) LAV 4-5 i.c. (D/3) RAV 3-4 i.c. (D/5) Ru Pulmonary Tr. 2-3 i.c. (D/3) Aorta 3-4 i.c.(2 cm below shoulder) LAV 4 i.c (D/3) RAV 3 i.c. (D/3) Ca Pulmonary Tr. 3 i.c. (above sternum) Aorta 4 i.c. (shoulder level) LAV 5 i.c. (D/3) RAV 4 i.c. (D/3)
Where can you find the cardiac dullness of Ru. On the right side?
No cardiac dullness. Heart of Ru. Covered by lungs on the right side
What urogenital lig. Can be used for orientation during rectal examination of Eq.?
lig. renolienalis
What diverticulum can you feel in rectal examination of Ru.?
Sub-urethral diverticulum
Which male accessory gland is found around the neck of the bladder of dog?
Prostate
Name the lymph node found ventral to paralumbar fossa in horse?
Subiliac ln.
Which ln. is found in front of the scapula?
Supf. cervical ln.
What are the injection sites for common/profound peroneal n. (dog+horse)?(Fibular)
- Eq common Fibular: 12-15 cm prox to calcanean tub. In bw. Long and lateral digital extensors
- Dog: distally in mid way bw. Hock and stifle, in the groove bw. Long digital extensor and peroneus longus (deep peroneal n.).
Second option: block nerve
where it is palpable at proximal-lateral fibular head (common peroneal n.).
What is the lateral point of injection into the stifle?
Eq + dog: at recess of extensor groove (next to tendon of long digital extensor)
Does the perineum cover the cervix?
Yes (Note: other pq says NO! :-(
On which direction run the last limb of duodenum in horse?
Short ascending duodenum, run cranially from Rt to Lt till the duodenojejunal flexure
Where is the dilatation of the colon in the horse located?
“ampula coli” – right dorsal colon (invested within the costal cage)
What are auscultation / percussion?
- Auscultation – listening, either directly or through a stethoscope, to sounds within
the body. - Percussion – tapping on surface of part of the body to detect its resonance.
Efferent nerve of pupillary reflex?
Occulomotor n. (III)
Which sound is the first heart sound?
Systolic (closure of the cuspid valves)
Which is the second heart sound?
Diastolic (closure of semilunar valves)
When can’t you hear the heart sound?
During inspiration
In which spp. The stomach is in contact with the wall?
Only in Ru
Which spp. Have suburethral diverticulum?
Ru. + Su
Where is the esophagus placed in the upper neck?
Cervical part - dorsal to trachea and shifts to left on its way to thoracic part.
How many opening of mammary glands in all species?
Total thoracic,abdominal, inguinal ,openings in each teat Mare 2: - - 1 2 Sow 12-14: 2 3 2 2/3 Cat 8: 2 1 1 3 bitch 10: 2, 2, 1, 12 cow 2 - - 1 1 (wrong)
name the patellar liggs in cattle?
Medial, middle, lateral
Location of spleen in poultry?
Left side
What is the best place to check pulse in cattle?
Coccygeal artery (but also facial and palmar arteries)
Dental formula of dog?
Dental formula of Eq?
Dental formula of Ru?
Dental formula of Su?
Dental formula of dog? 2(I3/3,C1/1,P4/4,M2/3)=42
Dental formula of Eq? 2(I3/3,C1/1,P3(4)/3,M3/3)=40(42)
Dental formula of Ru? 2(I0/4,C0/0,P3/3,M3/3)=32 Dental formula of Su? 2(I3/3,C1/1,P4/4,M3/3)=44
Ribs number in the different spp?
Ca-13
Eq-18
Ru-13
Su-14
Which nerves are anesthetized when dehorning?
Cornual n. (branch of lacrimal – ophthalmic – trigeminal) + C1-C2 (cervical nn.) + n. auricularis caudalis
Injection point for distal MC nerve block?
4 injections – next to distal part of each splint bone
Pulse taking from MT?
From dorsal aspect (cranial tibial artery)
The gall bladder of the dog?
On the Rt to median plane, bw. Quadrate and Rt medial lobes of liver
Motor innervetion of tongue?
Hypoglossal n.
Which nn. supply the skin of head in Eq?
Trigeminal: supraorbital (v1), infraorbital (v2), mental (v3), infratrochlear (+truncus
facialis), auriculo-temporal (v3)
Facial n. is responsible for?
Mimics and facial expression + skin
Can the stomach of dog border with the abdominal wall?
Sometimes (when full)
Which kidney is palpable in rectal examination of Eq?
Left kidney
Which lameness indicates joints degeneration?
Supportive leg lameness (warm up pain)
Which lameness indicates muscles, tendons, liggs disorder?
Swinging leg lameness
Where is the ampula colli located?
Rt dorsal colon
Which lig. Is attached to joint capsule of the stifle?
Medial collateral lig.
Injection into fetlock?
Palmar recess, in front of m. interosseus, just proximal to sessamoid bone
Lung borders of Eq/dog?
Vc Tc Ti Sh
Eq 17 16 14 9
Ru 12 11 - 8
Ca 12 11 10 8
Intravenous injection site of Eq and dog?
- Eq: jugular vein (cephalic?)
- Dog: jugular, saphenous, cephalic veins
Which are the nn. of palpebrae?
Afferent – trigeminal (ophthalmic), efferent - facial
Where is the attachment of greater omentum of Ru?
Sulcus longitudinalis.
Where is the cecum of Eq located?
Rt side
Which heart wall is most cranial?
Rt wall (auricular).
Pulse taking Eq Bo Ca?
Eq – facial artery,
Ca – femoral artery,
Ru – coccygeal artery
Which structures lie in the incisura vasorum facialum?
Facial vein and artery, parotid duct.
Sinus system of Ru?
- Maxillary sinus communicates lacrimal sinus
- Ethmoidal sinus comunicates sphenoid + frontal
- Palatine sinus
Spleen location?
Left dorsal
Which nerve supply nostrils?
Maxillary n. – (infraorbital), ophthalmic n. (nasociliare)
Which mesentery is related to a kidney?
mesoduodenum
Position of the descending duodenum?
Rt side
Sensory nerves of tongue?
Glossophryngeal (IX), Facial (VII), Mandibular – lingual n. (V3),
Position of the reticulum?
Left ventral abdominal wall, 7-9 i.c space.
Where can you find the liver of Ru?
Rt to omasum
Which joint is used for high digital block?
Fetlock
How the sigmoid flexure of bull related to the deferent duct?
Caudally
Tarsocrural and proximal tarsal row communicate?
Yes
Which can be injection site in Ru?
- v. cava caud
- v. jugularis
- sinus orbitalis
- dorsal ear
Which features found in rectal examination of Ru?
- Lt – rumen, abomasum
- Rt – small intestines, caudal flexure of duodenum, bladder, uterus, colon
- Middle – both kidneys, left ureter, ovaries
What will be blocked by mandibular nerve block?
Salivary glands, mastication mm, lower teeth and lip, tongue.
Which nerve must be anesthetized when dehorning?
- n. zygomaticus
- n. occipitalis
- n. auriculopalpebral
On which side of greater omentum lie the centripetal colon?
lamina visceralis
Which facial muscles innervate the trigeminus?
Muscles of mastication
Which nerve innervates upper palpebra?
- Sensor – maxillary
- Motor – facial
What is the difference bw. Rt and Lt uterine horns?
Rt is longer (more cran.)
Which structure is cranial to ligament vesicale laterale?
The round ligament of bladder (lig. teres vesicae)
The major artery of the retina?
Central retinal artery – ophthalmic artery – internal carotid artery
(The rest of eyeball supplied by external ophthalmic art. – maxillary art. – external
carotid art.)
Which large salivary gland can not be palpated in the dog?
Zygomatic gland
Which tendon is parallel to the patellar lig?
Long digital extensor
Which sp. Have the patellar ln.?
Eq
Which ln. is bw. Latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral ?mm.?
axillary accessory ln
Facial n. (VII) is it motor or sensor?
Both
Which kidney can be palpated by rectal examination of Eq?
Caudal pole of Lt Kidney.
Which inguinal ring can you feel in Eq, under rectal examination?
Deep
Is abomasum is in contact with the abdominal wall?
Yes (ventrally)
On which side of the greater omentum found the colon desc of Ru?
Visceral laminae
Nerve of facial expression?
VII.
Which nerves innervate muscles of mastication?
Trigeminal n.(V) – mandibular n. (V3) (masseter, temporalis, buccalis nn.)
Do the Rt and Lt recesses of stifle joint communicate in the dog?
Yes (also in Ru)
N. digitalis palmaris block?
R. pulvinus – ventrolateral to coronary band
R. palmaris – half way bw. Coffin and pastern joints, on lateral palmar aspect
High digital block?
At level of fetlock joint, ventrolateral to prox. Sessamoid bone (will block r. dorsalis as well).
Proximal M.C. block?
Ulnar n. – lateral injection 10 cm ventral to carpal joint.
Ulnar n. block?
Both dog and Eq: At ulnar groove – bw. extensor and flexor carpi ulnare (10 cm prox.
Accessory bone)
Carpal joint injection?
- Dog: lateral to accessory cephalic vein (bw. Common and lateral digital
extensors) - 2 sites:
1. carpo-metacarpo + intercarpal: on either side of EDR tendon
2. Radio-carpo: on either side of EDR tendon, or palmar recess in front of ulnaris
lateralis (prox to accessory carpal bone)
Shoulder joint injection?
- dog: in front or behind the tendon of origin of m. infraspinatus
- Eq: 2 joint cavities
1. in front of m. infraspinatus tendon (over the greater tubercle)
2. From tub. Deltoidea upwards (up to the bursa of biceps tendon)
Injection into digital sheath?
Behind (palmar aspect) to m. interosseus, at level of proximal sessamoid.
Carpal sheath?
On palmar aspect, 10 cm distal to accessory carpal bone, behind m. interosseus.
Injection into tarsal joint?
Injection into tarsal joint?
- Eq: 2 injection points:
1. tibio-tarsal joint: dorso-medial aspect (bw. Tibia and talus)
2. Tarsal MT joint : either medial bw. Tc-T3 or lateral
bw. T4-splint bone.
Stifle joint injection?
Stifle joint injection?
- Dog: best over extensor groove of tibia (recess of long digital extensor m.)
- Eq: 2 injection points:
1. Medial: bw. Medial and intermediate patellar ligaments.
2. Lateral: extensor groove recess.
On which side lie abomasum?
On which side lie abomasum? Rt. Ventral wall
On which side lie abomasum?
Rt. Ventral wall
Which premolar is the shortest?
Dog: 1st, Eq: 2nd
Directions of the ascending colon in Eq?
Rt vent – sternal flexure – Lt vent –
pelvic flexure – Lt dorsal – diaphragmatic flexure – Rt dorsal (ampula coli)
Is the stomach in contact with abdominal wall?
Su – yes, Ru – yes, Dog – no, Eq - no
Where to take pulse in the leg?
A. femoralis (dog)
Which features run in inc. vasorum facialum of goat?
v.+a. facialis, parotid duct
Nerve block of paralumbal anesthesia?
L1-L2 (iliohypogastric + ilioinguinal)
Location of spleen?
- Dog: Lt abdominal wall, emerge behind costal cartilage
- Eq: 11-17 i.c. on dorsal Lt. can emerge out of ribs cage when stomach full.
. Describe the colon ascendens of Ru?
Proximal S shaped loop (towards caud) – in cone shape: centripetal loops (inwards) –
central flexure – centrifugal loops (outwards) – distal loop (towards left)
Which structure is in front of m. interosseus?
Which structure is in front of m. interosseus?
Splint bone and carpal/fetlock joint capsule
Which structure is in front of m. interosseus?
Splint bone and carpal/fetlock joint capsule
Location of for. Mandibulae?
Medial mandible – at level of occlusal surface in line bw. Temporomandibular joint
and inc. vasorum facialum (mid way to zygomatic arch)
Which side (Eq)? Spleen Ostium iliocecale Small intestines Flexura pelvina
Spleen – Lt dorsal
Ostium iliocecale – Rt ventral
Small intestines – (jejunum) Lt dorsal
Flexura pelvina – Lt caudal
Name the carpal bones?
- Ca (total 7 bones): (prox) C-accessory, Cu, Cir, (dist) C1, C2, C3, C4
- Eq (total 7 bones): (prox) C-accessory, Cu, Ci, Cr, (dist) C2, C3, C4
- Pig (8): all bones exist
- Ru (6): (prox) C-accessory, Cu, Ci, Cr, (dist) C2+3 fused, C4
Palpable features in rectal examination of cow?
- Left – spleen, rumen
- Middle – Lt + Rt kidney
- Right – small intestines, colon, bladder, uterus
Which are the nn. of nostrils?
Trigeminal: ophthalmic n – nasocilliary n.
Maxillary – infraorbital n. – ext/int nasal n.
innervation of optic n.?
Retina (special sensor) - Vision, transmission of light (pupillary reflex)
Innervation of occulomotor?
Pupil, dorsal, med, ventral recti mm. ventral oblique m. levator palpebrae
innervation of supraorbital n.?
Forehead (not present in Ru and Ca)
blood draining in: Eq: Dog: Ru: Pig:
Eq: v. jugularis ext
Dog: v. cephalica + v. saphena
Ru: v. coccygea + v. cava cran
Pig: v. auricularis + v. cava cran
Anesthesia of tibial n.?
Proximal to calcaneus. Bw. Deep and supf. digital flexor mm.
Anesthesia to median n.?
- Eq: medial, prox. To elbow joint (palpable next to chestnut)
- Dog: medial, distal 1/3 of forearm, bw. Flexor carpi radiale and supf
digital flex. Mm
lobulation of the lungs?
- Eq - Lt: cran + caud, Rt: cran + caud + accessory
- Dog (+Su) - Lt: cran + caud, Rt: cran + middle + caud + accessory
- Ru - Lt: cran + caud, Rt: cran + middle + caud + accessory
navicular disease?
Coffin joint – the deep digital flexor tendon + navicular bursa + sessamoid lig damage (blood supply problem)
In Eq: does the femoropatellar joint capsule communicate with lat or med
femoro-tibial capsule?
Medial
From which menisci in dog, the meniscofemoral lig emerge?
Lateral
. which problem indicates:
- Supporting limb lameness:
- Swinging limb lameness:
- Supporting limb lameness: joint damage
- Swinging limb lameness: muscle + tendons damage
How to treat “club hoof”? x)
Cut lig accessories (or only supf digital flex)
How to treat bone spavin?
Transect cunean tendon of tibialis cran
On which side of greater omentum lie the centripetal colon?
Lamina visceralis
On which side of mesentery lie the centripetal colon?
Left
Where does the omasum lie?
Dorsal to reticulum, covered by omentum, faces liver on Rt side.
innervation of the head in Eq?
Eyes: abduscent + trochlear + occulomotor (motors) + Optic (sensor)
Muscles: Trigeminal (motor tp mastication and sensor to skin) + facial (mimics)
vagus + glossopharyngeal + hypoglossal + C1-2
Where can you find the head of cecum in Eq?
On the Rt side (apex at sternum, base at fossa paralumbalis)
Pulse in leg?
Ca – femoral artery
Eq – median artery, cran. tibial?
What does the pre-tracheal fascia not covers?
The common carotid artery
Sinus system in cattle?
separated
Pulse in hind limb?
Femoral artery + dorsal MT artery
Eruption of Di2 in Eq?
6 weeks (1-2 month)
What appears on lingual surface of cup, after some time of wear?
Dental spot (dentin)
Which nerve block does not anasthetise the dorsal side of foot?
Palmar n. block
What is bone spavin – how to treat it?
Degeneration of tarsus. Flex tarsus for few mins, or transect tibialis cranialis tendon.
Which nerve found bw. the 2 heads of the flexors of ulna?
n. ulnaris
Which lymphnodes are found bw the legs of dog?
Inguinal (mammary/scrotal)
The lingual surface is _______ than the buccal surface of premolar teeth.
Lower
Does the cervix covered by peritoneum?
no
Which vessels contribute to thoracic mammary glds?
Internal thoracic + pudenda externa (- supf epigastric – rr. mammary)
Folds of rumen?
Villi. Rt+Lt accessory grooves, dors+vent coronary grooves,
cran+caud grooves, ruminoreticular groove.
Cranial nerve IX – motor, sensor or mixed?
Mixed
Spleen location?
Eq: 10-18 ribs,
Ca: 10-13 ribs,
Ru: 7/8-13 rib
Afferent nerves to palpebrae?
V – ophthalmic – frontalis
VII – auriculopapebral
Hilus of Lt kidney in Ru?
Dorsal
Pulse on MT bones?
Dorsal (cran tibial artery – dors MT – dors pedal)
The gall bladder of dog – on which side?
Rt (bw. Rt medial and quadrate lobes
of liver)
Which organ can you find on the Rt to omasum?
Liver
Which joint is blocked by distal MC block? Fetlock + pastern + coffin
Fetlock + pastern + coffin
On which direction run the Lt ventral colon?
caudally
Does the frontal sinus of cattle communicate the maxillary?
Never
Which sinus extends to the horns?
Frontal
How does the sigmoid flexure of bull related to the defferent duct?
it is caudoventral to ductus deferens.
Which structures will be anasthetised when mandibular nerve is blocked?
The salivary glands.
i.c. space of reticulum?
6-8
Which nerve anesthetized when injecting to L2?
Paralumbar nn.
Which structure attaches patella in its fossa (locking patella)?
Tub. trochlea
Where is the crop located?
Rt
Unpaired air-sacs?
Cervical (interclavicular?)
Which ligament suspends the female organs?
The broad lig (mesovarium,
mesosalpinx, mesometrium)
Where to puncture the medial femorotibial joint?
Bw. Med and middle patellar
liggs.
Position of RAV in Ru?
3rd ic. Space (on the Rt)
Which tendon runs under lat-collat lig of stifle?
Popliteal tendon
Direction of the ilium in Eq?
from Lt to Rt
Mammary glands in different spp?
Eq: 2, Ru: 2, dog: 10, Su: 14
Mammary glands in different spp?
Eq: 2,
Ru: 2,
dog: 10,
Su: 14
Which structure in dog should be considered while draining CSF from cisterna
magna?
The proc. Spinosus of the Axis bone (projects cranially over the atlas)
Which nerve run with the cephalic v.?
supf. radial
Where id the injection point for gall bladder in Ru, Eq?
Ru: 10 i.c. space, Eq: have no gall bladder.
Does the frontal sinus of Ru communicate with the maxillary sinus?
No.