Pq 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which lymph nodes can you feel in rectal examination of a horse?

A

Mesenteric lns , cecal ln.

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2
Q

What recess can you find at acute margin of the lung?

A

Recessus costodiaphragmaticus

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3
Q

What are the puncta maxima of the heart?

A
spp Valve Left side Right side
Eq Pulmonary Tr. 3 i.c. (mid D/3)
Aorta 4 i.c. (5 cm below shoulder)
LAV 4-5 i.c. (D/3)
RAV 3-4 i.c. (D/5)
Ru Pulmonary Tr. 2-3 i.c. (D/3)
Aorta 3-4 i.c.(2 cm below shoulder)
LAV 4 i.c (D/3)
RAV 3 i.c. (D/3)
Ca Pulmonary Tr. 3 i.c. (above sternum)
Aorta 4 i.c. (shoulder level)
LAV 5 i.c. (D/3)
RAV 4 i.c. (D/3)
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4
Q

Where can you find the cardiac dullness of Ru. On the right side?

A

No cardiac dullness. Heart of Ru. Covered by lungs on the right side

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5
Q

What urogenital lig. Can be used for orientation during rectal examination of Eq.?

A

lig. renolienalis

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6
Q

What diverticulum can you feel in rectal examination of Ru.?

A

Sub-urethral diverticulum

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7
Q

Which male accessory gland is found around the neck of the bladder of dog?

A

Prostate

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8
Q

Name the lymph node found ventral to paralumbar fossa in horse?

A

Subiliac ln.

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9
Q

Which ln. is found in front of the scapula?

A

Supf. cervical ln.

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10
Q

What are the injection sites for common/profound peroneal n. (dog+horse)?(Fibular)

A
  • Eq common Fibular: 12-15 cm prox to calcanean tub. In bw. Long and lateral digital extensors
  • Dog: distally in mid way bw. Hock and stifle, in the groove bw. Long digital extensor and peroneus longus (deep peroneal n.).
    Second option: block nerve
    where it is palpable at proximal-lateral fibular head (common peroneal n.).
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11
Q

What is the lateral point of injection into the stifle?

A

Eq + dog: at recess of extensor groove (next to tendon of long digital extensor)

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12
Q

Does the perineum cover the cervix?

A

Yes (Note: other pq says NO! :-(

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13
Q

On which direction run the last limb of duodenum in horse?

A

Short ascending duodenum, run cranially from Rt to Lt till the duodenojejunal flexure

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14
Q

Where is the dilatation of the colon in the horse located?

A

“ampula coli” – right dorsal colon (invested within the costal cage)

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15
Q

What are auscultation / percussion?

A
  • Auscultation – listening, either directly or through a stethoscope, to sounds within
    the body.
  • Percussion – tapping on surface of part of the body to detect its resonance.
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16
Q

Efferent nerve of pupillary reflex?

A

Occulomotor n. (III)

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17
Q

Which sound is the first heart sound?

A

Systolic (closure of the cuspid valves)

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18
Q

Which is the second heart sound?

A

Diastolic (closure of semilunar valves)

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19
Q

When can’t you hear the heart sound?

A

During inspiration

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20
Q

In which spp. The stomach is in contact with the wall?

A

Only in Ru

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22
Q

Which spp. Have suburethral diverticulum?

A

Ru. + Su

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23
Q

Where is the esophagus placed in the upper neck?

A

Cervical part - dorsal to trachea and shifts to left on its way to thoracic part.

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24
Q

How many opening of mammary glands in all species?

A
Total thoracic,abdominal, inguinal ,openings in each teat
Mare 2: - - 1 2
Sow 12-14: 2 3 2 2/3
Cat 8: 2 1 1 3
bitch 10: 2, 2, 1, 12
cow 2 - - 1 1 (wrong)
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24
Q

name the patellar liggs in cattle?

A

Medial, middle, lateral

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25
Q

Location of spleen in poultry?

A

Left side

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26
Q

What is the best place to check pulse in cattle?

A

Coccygeal artery (but also facial and palmar arteries)

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27
Q

Dental formula of dog?
Dental formula of Eq?
Dental formula of Ru?
Dental formula of Su?

A

Dental formula of dog? 2(I3/3,C1/1,P4/4,M2/3)=42
Dental formula of Eq? 2
(I3/3,C1/1,P3(4)/3,M3/3)=40(42)
Dental formula of Ru? 2(I0/4,C0/0,P3/3,M3/3)=32 Dental formula of Su? 2(I3/3,C1/1,P4/4,M3/3)=44

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28
Q

Ribs number in the different spp?

A

Ca-13
Eq-18
Ru-13
Su-14

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29
Q

Which nerves are anesthetized when dehorning?

A

Cornual n. (branch of lacrimal – ophthalmic – trigeminal) + C1-C2 (cervical nn.) + n. auricularis caudalis

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30
Q

Injection point for distal MC nerve block?

A

4 injections – next to distal part of each splint bone

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31
Q

Pulse taking from MT?

A

From dorsal aspect (cranial tibial artery)

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32
Q

The gall bladder of the dog?

A

On the Rt to median plane, bw. Quadrate and Rt medial lobes of liver

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33
Q

Motor innervetion of tongue?

A

Hypoglossal n.

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34
Q

Which nn. supply the skin of head in Eq?

A

Trigeminal: supraorbital (v1), infraorbital (v2), mental (v3), infratrochlear (+truncus
facialis), auriculo-temporal (v3)

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35
Q

Facial n. is responsible for?

A

Mimics and facial expression + skin

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36
Q

Can the stomach of dog border with the abdominal wall?

A

Sometimes (when full)

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37
Q

Which kidney is palpable in rectal examination of Eq?

A

Left kidney

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38
Q

Which lameness indicates joints degeneration?

A

Supportive leg lameness (warm up pain)

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39
Q

Which lameness indicates muscles, tendons, liggs disorder?

A

Swinging leg lameness

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40
Q

Where is the ampula colli located?

A

Rt dorsal colon

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41
Q

Which lig. Is attached to joint capsule of the stifle?

A

Medial collateral lig.

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42
Q

Injection into fetlock?

A

Palmar recess, in front of m. interosseus, just proximal to sessamoid bone

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43
Q

Lung borders of Eq/dog?

A

Vc Tc Ti Sh
Eq 17 16 14 9
Ru 12 11 - 8
Ca 12 11 10 8

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44
Q

Intravenous injection site of Eq and dog?

A
  • Eq: jugular vein (cephalic?)

- Dog: jugular, saphenous, cephalic veins

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45
Q

Which are the nn. of palpebrae?

A

Afferent – trigeminal (ophthalmic), efferent - facial

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46
Q

Where is the attachment of greater omentum of Ru?

A

Sulcus longitudinalis.

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47
Q

Where is the cecum of Eq located?

A

Rt side

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48
Q

Which heart wall is most cranial?

A

Rt wall (auricular).

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49
Q

Pulse taking Eq Bo Ca?

A

Eq – facial artery,
Ca – femoral artery,
Ru – coccygeal artery

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50
Q

Which structures lie in the incisura vasorum facialum?

A

Facial vein and artery, parotid duct.

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51
Q

Sinus system of Ru?

A
  • Maxillary sinus communicates lacrimal sinus
  • Ethmoidal sinus comunicates sphenoid + frontal
  • Palatine sinus
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52
Q

Spleen location?

A

Left dorsal

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53
Q

Which nerve supply nostrils?

A

Maxillary n. – (infraorbital), ophthalmic n. (nasociliare)

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54
Q

Which mesentery is related to a kidney?

A

mesoduodenum

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55
Q

Position of the descending duodenum?

A

Rt side

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56
Q

Sensory nerves of tongue?

A

Glossophryngeal (IX), Facial (VII), Mandibular – lingual n. (V3),

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57
Q

Position of the reticulum?

A

Left ventral abdominal wall, 7-9 i.c space.

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58
Q

Where can you find the liver of Ru?

A

Rt to omasum

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59
Q

Which joint is used for high digital block?

A

Fetlock

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60
Q

How the sigmoid flexure of bull related to the deferent duct?

A

Caudally

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62
Q

Tarsocrural and proximal tarsal row communicate?

A

Yes

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62
Q

Which can be injection site in Ru?

A
  • v. cava caud
  • v. jugularis
  • sinus orbitalis
  • dorsal ear
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63
Q

Which features found in rectal examination of Ru?

A
  • Lt – rumen, abomasum
  • Rt – small intestines, caudal flexure of duodenum, bladder, uterus, colon
  • Middle – both kidneys, left ureter, ovaries
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64
Q

What will be blocked by mandibular nerve block?

A

Salivary glands, mastication mm, lower teeth and lip, tongue.

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65
Q

Which nerve must be anesthetized when dehorning?

A
  • n. zygomaticus
  • n. occipitalis
  • n. auriculopalpebral
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66
Q

On which side of greater omentum lie the centripetal colon?

A

lamina visceralis

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67
Q

Which facial muscles innervate the trigeminus?

A

Muscles of mastication

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68
Q

Which nerve innervates upper palpebra?

A
  • Sensor – maxillary

- Motor – facial

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69
Q

What is the difference bw. Rt and Lt uterine horns?

A

Rt is longer (more cran.)

70
Q

Which structure is cranial to ligament vesicale laterale?

A

The round ligament of bladder (lig. teres vesicae)

71
Q

The major artery of the retina?

A

Central retinal artery – ophthalmic artery – internal carotid artery
(The rest of eyeball supplied by external ophthalmic art. – maxillary art. – external
carotid art.)

72
Q

Which large salivary gland can not be palpated in the dog?

A

Zygomatic gland

74
Q

Which tendon is parallel to the patellar lig?

A

Long digital extensor

74
Q

Which sp. Have the patellar ln.?

A

Eq

75
Q

Which ln. is bw. Latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral ?mm.?

A

axillary accessory ln

76
Q

Facial n. (VII) is it motor or sensor?

A

Both

77
Q

Which kidney can be palpated by rectal examination of Eq?

A

Caudal pole of Lt Kidney.

78
Q

Which inguinal ring can you feel in Eq, under rectal examination?

A

Deep

79
Q

Is abomasum is in contact with the abdominal wall?

A

Yes (ventrally)

80
Q

On which side of the greater omentum found the colon desc of Ru?

A

Visceral laminae

81
Q

Nerve of facial expression?

A

VII.

82
Q

Which nerves innervate muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal n.(V) – mandibular n. (V3) (masseter, temporalis, buccalis nn.)

83
Q

Do the Rt and Lt recesses of stifle joint communicate in the dog?

A

Yes (also in Ru)

84
Q

N. digitalis palmaris block?

A

R. pulvinus – ventrolateral to coronary band

R. palmaris – half way bw. Coffin and pastern joints, on lateral palmar aspect

85
Q

High digital block?

A

At level of fetlock joint, ventrolateral to prox. Sessamoid bone (will block r. dorsalis as well).

86
Q

Proximal M.C. block?

A

Ulnar n. – lateral injection 10 cm ventral to carpal joint.

87
Q

Ulnar n. block?

A

Both dog and Eq: At ulnar groove – bw. extensor and flexor carpi ulnare (10 cm prox.
Accessory bone)

88
Q

Carpal joint injection?

A
  • Dog: lateral to accessory cephalic vein (bw. Common and lateral digital
    extensors)
  • 2 sites:
    1. carpo-metacarpo + intercarpal: on either side of EDR tendon
    2. Radio-carpo: on either side of EDR tendon, or palmar recess in front of ulnaris
    lateralis (prox to accessory carpal bone)
89
Q

Shoulder joint injection?

A
  • dog: in front or behind the tendon of origin of m. infraspinatus
  • Eq: 2 joint cavities
    1. in front of m. infraspinatus tendon (over the greater tubercle)
    2. From tub. Deltoidea upwards (up to the bursa of biceps tendon)
90
Q

Injection into digital sheath?

A

Behind (palmar aspect) to m. interosseus, at level of proximal sessamoid.

91
Q

Carpal sheath?

A

On palmar aspect, 10 cm distal to accessory carpal bone, behind m. interosseus.

92
Q

Injection into tarsal joint?

A

Injection into tarsal joint?

  • Eq: 2 injection points:
    1. tibio-tarsal joint: dorso-medial aspect (bw. Tibia and talus)
    2. Tarsal MT joint : either medial bw. Tc-T3 or lateral
    bw. T4-splint bone.
93
Q

Stifle joint injection?

A

Stifle joint injection?

  • Dog: best over extensor groove of tibia (recess of long digital extensor m.)
  • Eq: 2 injection points:
    1. Medial: bw. Medial and intermediate patellar ligaments.
    2. Lateral: extensor groove recess.
94
Q

On which side lie abomasum?

A

On which side lie abomasum? Rt. Ventral wall

95
Q

On which side lie abomasum?

A

Rt. Ventral wall

96
Q

Which premolar is the shortest?

A

Dog: 1st, Eq: 2nd

97
Q

Directions of the ascending colon in Eq?

A

Rt vent – sternal flexure – Lt vent –

pelvic flexure – Lt dorsal – diaphragmatic flexure – Rt dorsal (ampula coli)

98
Q

Is the stomach in contact with abdominal wall?

A

Su – yes, Ru – yes, Dog – no, Eq - no

99
Q

Where to take pulse in the leg?

A

A. femoralis (dog)

100
Q

Which features run in inc. vasorum facialum of goat?

A

v.+a. facialis, parotid duct

101
Q

Nerve block of paralumbal anesthesia?

A

L1-L2 (iliohypogastric + ilioinguinal)

102
Q

Location of spleen?

A
  • Dog: Lt abdominal wall, emerge behind costal cartilage

- Eq: 11-17 i.c. on dorsal Lt. can emerge out of ribs cage when stomach full.

103
Q

. Describe the colon ascendens of Ru?

A

Proximal S shaped loop (towards caud) – in cone shape: centripetal loops (inwards) –
central flexure – centrifugal loops (outwards) – distal loop (towards left)

104
Q

Which structure is in front of m. interosseus?

A

Which structure is in front of m. interosseus?

Splint bone and carpal/fetlock joint capsule

105
Q

Which structure is in front of m. interosseus?

A

Splint bone and carpal/fetlock joint capsule

106
Q

Location of for. Mandibulae?

A

Medial mandible – at level of occlusal surface in line bw. Temporomandibular joint
and inc. vasorum facialum (mid way to zygomatic arch)

107
Q
Which side (Eq)?
Spleen
Ostium iliocecale
Small intestines
Flexura pelvina
A

Spleen – Lt dorsal
Ostium iliocecale – Rt ventral
Small intestines – (jejunum) Lt dorsal
Flexura pelvina – Lt caudal

108
Q

Name the carpal bones?

A
  • Ca (total 7 bones): (prox) C-accessory, Cu, Cir, (dist) C1, C2, C3, C4
  • Eq (total 7 bones): (prox) C-accessory, Cu, Ci, Cr, (dist) C2, C3, C4
  • Pig (8): all bones exist
  • Ru (6): (prox) C-accessory, Cu, Ci, Cr, (dist) C2+3 fused, C4
109
Q

Palpable features in rectal examination of cow?

A
  • Left – spleen, rumen
  • Middle – Lt + Rt kidney
  • Right – small intestines, colon, bladder, uterus
110
Q

Which are the nn. of nostrils?

A

Trigeminal: ophthalmic n – nasocilliary n.

Maxillary – infraorbital n. – ext/int nasal n.

111
Q

innervation of optic n.?

A

Retina (special sensor) - Vision, transmission of light (pupillary reflex)

112
Q

Innervation of occulomotor?

A

Pupil, dorsal, med, ventral recti mm. ventral oblique m. levator palpebrae

113
Q

innervation of supraorbital n.?

A

Forehead (not present in Ru and Ca)

114
Q
blood draining in:
Eq: 
Dog: 
Ru:
Pig:
A

Eq: v. jugularis ext
Dog: v. cephalica + v. saphena
Ru: v. coccygea + v. cava cran
Pig: v. auricularis + v. cava cran

115
Q

Anesthesia of tibial n.?

A

Proximal to calcaneus. Bw. Deep and supf. digital flexor mm.

116
Q

Anesthesia to median n.?

A
  • Eq: medial, prox. To elbow joint (palpable next to chestnut)
  • Dog: medial, distal 1/3 of forearm, bw. Flexor carpi radiale and supf
    digital flex. Mm
117
Q

lobulation of the lungs?

A
  • Eq - Lt: cran + caud, Rt: cran + caud + accessory
  • Dog (+Su) - Lt: cran + caud, Rt: cran + middle + caud + accessory
  • Ru - Lt: cran + caud, Rt: cran + middle + caud + accessory
118
Q

navicular disease?

A

Coffin joint – the deep digital flexor tendon + navicular bursa + sessamoid lig damage (blood supply problem)

119
Q

In Eq: does the femoropatellar joint capsule communicate with lat or med
femoro-tibial capsule?

A

Medial

120
Q

From which menisci in dog, the meniscofemoral lig emerge?

A

Lateral

121
Q

. which problem indicates:

  • Supporting limb lameness:
  • Swinging limb lameness:
A
  • Supporting limb lameness: joint damage

- Swinging limb lameness: muscle + tendons damage

122
Q

How to treat “club hoof”? x)

A

Cut lig accessories (or only supf digital flex)

123
Q

How to treat bone spavin?

A

Transect cunean tendon of tibialis cran

124
Q

On which side of greater omentum lie the centripetal colon?

A

Lamina visceralis

125
Q

On which side of mesentery lie the centripetal colon?

A

Left

126
Q

Where does the omasum lie?

A

Dorsal to reticulum, covered by omentum, faces liver on Rt side.

127
Q

innervation of the head in Eq?

A

Eyes: abduscent + trochlear + occulomotor (motors) + Optic (sensor)
Muscles: Trigeminal (motor tp mastication and sensor to skin) + facial (mimics)
vagus + glossopharyngeal + hypoglossal + C1-2

128
Q

Where can you find the head of cecum in Eq?

A

On the Rt side (apex at sternum, base at fossa paralumbalis)

129
Q

Pulse in leg?

A

Ca – femoral artery

Eq – median artery, cran. tibial?

130
Q

What does the pre-tracheal fascia not covers?

A

The common carotid artery

131
Q

Sinus system in cattle?

A

separated

132
Q

Pulse in hind limb?

A

Femoral artery + dorsal MT artery

133
Q

Eruption of Di2 in Eq?

A

6 weeks (1-2 month)

134
Q

What appears on lingual surface of cup, after some time of wear?

A

Dental spot (dentin)

135
Q

Which nerve block does not anasthetise the dorsal side of foot?

A

Palmar n. block

136
Q

What is bone spavin – how to treat it?

A

Degeneration of tarsus. Flex tarsus for few mins, or transect tibialis cranialis tendon.

137
Q

Which nerve found bw. the 2 heads of the flexors of ulna?

A

n. ulnaris

138
Q

Which lymphnodes are found bw the legs of dog?

A

Inguinal (mammary/scrotal)

139
Q

The lingual surface is _______ than the buccal surface of premolar teeth.

A

Lower

140
Q

Does the cervix covered by peritoneum?

A

no

141
Q

Which vessels contribute to thoracic mammary glds?

A

Internal thoracic + pudenda externa (- supf epigastric – rr. mammary)

142
Q

Folds of rumen?

A

Villi. Rt+Lt accessory grooves, dors+vent coronary grooves,

cran+caud grooves, ruminoreticular groove.

143
Q

Cranial nerve IX – motor, sensor or mixed?

A

Mixed

144
Q

Spleen location?

A

Eq: 10-18 ribs,
Ca: 10-13 ribs,
Ru: 7/8-13 rib

145
Q

Afferent nerves to palpebrae?

A

V – ophthalmic – frontalis

VII – auriculopapebral

146
Q

Hilus of Lt kidney in Ru?

A

Dorsal

147
Q

Pulse on MT bones?

A

Dorsal (cran tibial artery – dors MT – dors pedal)

148
Q

The gall bladder of dog – on which side?

A

Rt (bw. Rt medial and quadrate lobes

of liver)

149
Q

Which organ can you find on the Rt to omasum?

A

Liver

150
Q

Which joint is blocked by distal MC block? Fetlock + pastern + coffin

A

Fetlock + pastern + coffin

151
Q

On which direction run the Lt ventral colon?

A

caudally

152
Q

Does the frontal sinus of cattle communicate the maxillary?

A

Never

153
Q

Which sinus extends to the horns?

A

Frontal

154
Q

How does the sigmoid flexure of bull related to the defferent duct?

A

it is caudoventral to ductus deferens.

155
Q

Which structures will be anasthetised when mandibular nerve is blocked?

A

The salivary glands.

156
Q

i.c. space of reticulum?

A

6-8

157
Q

Which nerve anesthetized when injecting to L2?

A

Paralumbar nn.

158
Q

Which structure attaches patella in its fossa (locking patella)?

A

Tub. trochlea

159
Q

Where is the crop located?

A

Rt

160
Q

Unpaired air-sacs?

A

Cervical (interclavicular?)

161
Q

Which ligament suspends the female organs?

A

The broad lig (mesovarium,

mesosalpinx, mesometrium)

162
Q

Where to puncture the medial femorotibial joint?

A

Bw. Med and middle patellar

liggs.

163
Q

Position of RAV in Ru?

A

3rd ic. Space (on the Rt)

164
Q

Which tendon runs under lat-collat lig of stifle?

A

Popliteal tendon

165
Q

Direction of the ilium in Eq?

A

from Lt to Rt

166
Q

Mammary glands in different spp?

A

Eq: 2, Ru: 2, dog: 10, Su: 14

167
Q

Mammary glands in different spp?

A

Eq: 2,
Ru: 2,
dog: 10,
Su: 14

168
Q

Which structure in dog should be considered while draining CSF from cisterna
magna?

A

The proc. Spinosus of the Axis bone (projects cranially over the atlas)

169
Q

Which nerve run with the cephalic v.?

A

supf. radial

170
Q

Where id the injection point for gall bladder in Ru, Eq?

A

Ru: 10 i.c. space, Eq: have no gall bladder.

171
Q

Does the frontal sinus of Ru communicate with the maxillary sinus?

A

No.