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nutrition through life > ppwt 5- nutr needs during preg > Flashcards

ppwt 5- nutr needs during preg Flashcards

1
Q

what happens if conception occurs during a time where there is poor maternal health

A

the health of the mother, fetus and the future health of the offspring can be compromised

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2
Q

why it is important of having a plan

A

a plan should include both parents - the goal is to improve the woman’s and child’s health

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3
Q

what is the preconception nutrition recommendantions

A
  • intake of sufficient folate
  • reduction in anemia
  • preconception care services
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4
Q

preconception health care

A

increase the chance of having a healthy baby

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5
Q

receiving care prior to pregnancy improves what

A
  • folic acid intake
  • being current on important vaccinations
  • less weight gain at the beginning of their pregnancy
  • fewer complications for both mother and baby
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6
Q

how much time before the women becomes pregnant should the preconception care begin

A

3 months

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7
Q

an optimal healthy result in what

A
  • fewer pregnancy complications
  • fewer babies born preterm or with low birth weight
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8
Q

what is infertility

A

the inability to get pregnant after 12 or more months of regular unprotected sex

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9
Q

what is subfertility

A

any period of reduced fertility when conception is desired

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10
Q

what happens to env issues - give an example

A

environmental issues such as chemical exposure,poluents can bind to food and enter in our body. ANthocyanins/polyphenols that are found in fruits and veg can protect

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11
Q

the age of women getting pregnant is increasing, how could this affect the pregnancy

A
  • possible difficulty conceiving
  • increase in adverse outcomes
  • risk of infertility
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12
Q

Body weight and fertility

A
  • obesity and low body weight account for 6% of primary infertility
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13
Q

overweight or obese can

A
  • contribute to a variety of fertility issues
  • have a negative impact on the baby after conception
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14
Q

risks associated with BMI in the obese range

A
  • irregular menstrual cycle and irregular ovulation
  • polycystic ovary syndrome
  • c section
  • birth defects
  • high birth weight infant
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15
Q

high bmi before conception inversely related to

A
  • successful initiation to breastfeeding
  • duration of lactation
  • amount of milk produced
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16
Q

how much weight loss is necessary to improve possibility of conception

A

5-10% of body weight can restore ovulation

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17
Q

what is the effect of obesity on male fertility

A
  • reduces sperm quality
  • impairs offspring’s metabolic and reproductive health
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18
Q

underweight - exaplin the problem
what happens in women
in men

A

certain % of body fat is required to produce hormones necessary to conceive
in women they may develop amenorrhea
in men they may not produce viable sperm

19
Q

what is celiac disease

A

body triggers immune response in small intestine when a person consume gluten

20
Q

what happens to a person who has celaic disease

A

damages intestinal lining, putting person at risk for anemia, bone problems, cancer
and critical nutrients may not be well absorbed.

21
Q

what risk regarding pregnancy does celiac disease can make

A

increase infertility, miscarriage, low birth weight and premature delivery

22
Q

true or false
diabetes can contribute to infertility in both men and women

A

true

23
Q

what is the differece between men with or without diabetes regarding testosterone

A

men with diabetes has 2x less testosterone

24
Q

eating disorder problem regarding pregnancy

A

it can decrease fertility and make more unplanned pregnancies

25
Q

women who have hypertension what it the problems that can occur during pregnancy

A

causes high blood pressure and protein in urine and it can lead to fetal growth restriction

26
Q

what nutrients does a women and men need when they are trying to get pregnancy

A

women : folate, iron, omega 3
men: zinc, antioxidants

27
Q

what are some diets associate with diff to become pregnant

A

high carb
high glycemic index
high sat diet

28
Q

what is some diet that can increase fertility

A

multivitamin, iron supplement and plant protein

29
Q

how does folic acid help

A
  • helps to produce and maintain each cell in the body
  • support DNA synthesis
  • necessary for the neural tube develop in the brain and spinal cord
30
Q

importance of iron

A
  • role in hemoglobin
    women who are anemic have babies to show more delays in development and have behavioral and learning issues
31
Q

importance of iodine

A
  • thyroid function
  • important for neural development in babies
32
Q

true or false
it is important to have all of the essential vitamins and minerals available before conception

A

true

33
Q

true or false
birth control delay fertility

A

false - not enough data

34
Q

birth control pills can cause

A

increased cholesterol levels
high blood pressure
high triglycerides

35
Q

what is alcohol during pregnancy

A

teratogen

36
Q

what can alcohol cause

A

stillbirth, preterm birth and miscarriage

37
Q

before trying to conceive how much time should a men and women stop consuming alcohol

A

men - at least 6 months
women- at least one yeat

38
Q

aside from alcohol what are other teratogen that exist

A

drugs

39
Q

how smoking can affect the baby

A

it limits the oxygen available to the baby and it can cause tissue damage - less nutrients and less waste being removed it can lead to birth complication and low birth weight

40
Q

why antioxidants are prescribed to men

A

it protects reproductive cells from oxidative stress which can reduce fertility

41
Q

what are some antioxidants that can help

A

vit E,C, glutathione and coenzyme Q10

42
Q

what is the importance of zinc and folate

A

zinc: powerful antioxidant and important to sperm development
folate: supplements can increase sperm production

43
Q

how can smoking affect men

A

erectile dysfunction and harm sperm function

44
Q

epigenetics can be due to what

A

enviroment, health habits or chronic conditions
- paternal obesity = enlarged fat cell,s diabtes
- maternal obesity = future childhood obesity

nutrition through life (5 decks)

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