ppwt 5- nutr needs during preg Flashcards
what happens if conception occurs during a time where there is poor maternal health
the health of the mother, fetus and the future health of the offspring can be compromised
why it is important of having a plan
a plan should include both parents - the goal is to improve the woman’s and child’s health
what is the preconception nutrition recommendantions
- intake of sufficient folate
- reduction in anemia
- preconception care services
preconception health care
increase the chance of having a healthy baby
receiving care prior to pregnancy improves what
- folic acid intake
- being current on important vaccinations
- less weight gain at the beginning of their pregnancy
- fewer complications for both mother and baby
how much time before the women becomes pregnant should the preconception care begin
3 months
an optimal healthy result in what
- fewer pregnancy complications
- fewer babies born preterm or with low birth weight
what is infertility
the inability to get pregnant after 12 or more months of regular unprotected sex
what is subfertility
any period of reduced fertility when conception is desired
what happens to env issues - give an example
environmental issues such as chemical exposure,poluents can bind to food and enter in our body. ANthocyanins/polyphenols that are found in fruits and veg can protect
the age of women getting pregnant is increasing, how could this affect the pregnancy
- possible difficulty conceiving
- increase in adverse outcomes
- risk of infertility
Body weight and fertility
- obesity and low body weight account for 6% of primary infertility
overweight or obese can
- contribute to a variety of fertility issues
- have a negative impact on the baby after conception
risks associated with BMI in the obese range
- irregular menstrual cycle and irregular ovulation
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- c section
- birth defects
- high birth weight infant
high bmi before conception inversely related to
- successful initiation to breastfeeding
- duration of lactation
- amount of milk produced
how much weight loss is necessary to improve possibility of conception
5-10% of body weight can restore ovulation
what is the effect of obesity on male fertility
- reduces sperm quality
- impairs offspring’s metabolic and reproductive health
underweight - exaplin the problem
what happens in women
in men
certain % of body fat is required to produce hormones necessary to conceive
in women they may develop amenorrhea
in men they may not produce viable sperm
what is celiac disease
body triggers immune response in small intestine when a person consume gluten
what happens to a person who has celaic disease
damages intestinal lining, putting person at risk for anemia, bone problems, cancer
and critical nutrients may not be well absorbed.
what risk regarding pregnancy does celiac disease can make
increase infertility, miscarriage, low birth weight and premature delivery
true or false
diabetes can contribute to infertility in both men and women
true
what is the differece between men with or without diabetes regarding testosterone
men with diabetes has 2x less testosterone
eating disorder problem regarding pregnancy
it can decrease fertility and make more unplanned pregnancies
women who have hypertension what it the problems that can occur during pregnancy
causes high blood pressure and protein in urine and it can lead to fetal growth restriction
what nutrients does a women and men need when they are trying to get pregnancy
women : folate, iron, omega 3
men: zinc, antioxidants
what are some diets associate with diff to become pregnant
high carb
high glycemic index
high sat diet
what is some diet that can increase fertility
multivitamin, iron supplement and plant protein
how does folic acid help
- helps to produce and maintain each cell in the body
- support DNA synthesis
- necessary for the neural tube develop in the brain and spinal cord
importance of iron
- role in hemoglobin
women who are anemic have babies to show more delays in development and have behavioral and learning issues
importance of iodine
- thyroid function
- important for neural development in babies
true or false
it is important to have all of the essential vitamins and minerals available before conception
true
true or false
birth control delay fertility
false - not enough data
birth control pills can cause
increased cholesterol levels
high blood pressure
high triglycerides
what is alcohol during pregnancy
teratogen
what can alcohol cause
stillbirth, preterm birth and miscarriage
before trying to conceive how much time should a men and women stop consuming alcohol
men - at least 6 months
women- at least one yeat
aside from alcohol what are other teratogen that exist
drugs
how smoking can affect the baby
it limits the oxygen available to the baby and it can cause tissue damage - less nutrients and less waste being removed it can lead to birth complication and low birth weight
why antioxidants are prescribed to men
it protects reproductive cells from oxidative stress which can reduce fertility
what are some antioxidants that can help
vit E,C, glutathione and coenzyme Q10
what is the importance of zinc and folate
zinc: powerful antioxidant and important to sperm development
folate: supplements can increase sperm production
how can smoking affect men
erectile dysfunction and harm sperm function
epigenetics can be due to what
enviroment, health habits or chronic conditions
- paternal obesity = enlarged fat cell,s diabtes
- maternal obesity = future childhood obesity
