PPT2 Flashcards
The Self Philosophical Perspective
study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially in an academic discipline.
PHILOSOPHY
Believed that the mind is the origin of the
self, and that the mind contains our
consciousness, feelings, and understandings
Rene Descartes
Believed that the self is
constructed by organizing and
constructing principles of
experiences
Immanuel Kant
Believed that the self is made up of
two parts: the body and the soul.
Socrates
He believed that the soul is the
structure of the human body, and that it
allows humans to perform their
characteristic activities
Aristotle
Believed that humans are born
with a blank slate, and that they
gradually learn about the world
around them as they grow older
John Locke
origin or source / the ‘soul’/ the primal matter
arche’
The _____ in the Bible, is a whole
person with consciousness, desires and
emotions.
“soul”
(nephesh) - Hebrew is what in English
soul
“And do not fear
those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul.
Rather fear him who can destroy both soul and body
in hell.”
Matthew 10:28,
means that which gives life to a body.
“Soul”
simply
means those aspects of human life and
activity that transcend our bodily limitations
and so open the soul toward the supernatural
life of grace.
Spirit
What is the biblical view of the soul?
the
combination of the physical body and the
life-giving spirit of God that makes up a
human being.
What is the proper meaning of soul?
the spiritual part of a person that some people believe
continues to exist in some form after their body has died,
‘the worst thing that can happen to anyone is to live but die inside’
“every person is dualistic”
SOCRATES
3 components to the soul
PLATO
rational soul – reason & intellect to govern affairs
spirited soul – emotions should be kept at bay
appetitive soul – base desires (food, drink, sleep, sexual needs, etc.)
matter + form
man
“common stuff that makes up everything in the universe”
clue = (hyle)
matter
“essence of a substance or thing”; (what makes it what it is)
clue = (morphe)
form
the body of the human is similar to animals/objects, but what makes a human is his ____
essence
- “the soul is what makes us humans”
Believed that the self is a convenient
name for the behaviors that people
make,
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
disagrees with all the other aforementioned philosophers
“one can only know what comes from the senses & experiences” (he is an empiricist)
David HUME
a phenomenologist who says the mind-body bifurcation is an invalid problem
mind and body are inseparable
“one’s body is his opening toward his existence to the world”
the living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.
MERLEAU-PONTY
the self is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that we use to refer to the behaviors that we make.
Gilbert RYLE
