PPT Part 3 Flashcards
American Antiquities Act (1906) - enacted by Theodore Roosevelt
- prohibits damage to ruins/monuments on federal lands (i.e. parks, etc.)
- establishes Presidential authority to establish national landmark
- permits granted to conduct archaeology on federal lands only to qualified
institutions
National Historic Preservation Act (1966)
- requires archaeology in federal lands and/or with projects using federal
funds or requiring federal permits.
National Environmental Policy Act (1969)
- requires federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their
proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions
Archaeological Resources Protection Act
1979
Abandoned Shipwrecks Act
1987
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
1990
Evidence From Bioarchaeology
Diet
Meal
Health
Disease
Stature
Age
Sex
Season/Time of Year
Cause of Death
DNA – genome sequencing
Stable isotopes in skeletal matter
and teeth do not decay over time.
- Carbon and nitrogen values can be used
to address dietary patterns - Oxygen isotope values can indicate
differences in aridity and humidity - Strontium and oxygen isotopes can be
used to reconstruct past migrations
Stable Isotopes from bone collagen, apetitite, teeth
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Strontium
Calvin Cycle (C3)
leafy plants, grapes, wheat, apples, carrots
Photysynthetic Cycle (C4)
maize, yucca, sugarcane, sorghum
Crassulean Cycle (C3+C4)
pineapple, maguey, cacti, succulents
Paleopathology
Study of diseases and traumas
- Degenerative arthritis
- Rheumatism
- Tuberculosis (~5500 ya, Egypt)
- Anemia (~1100 ya, Maya)
Diet and Nutrition
- Paleofeces/Gut Contents
- Dental Calculus
American Antiquities Act of 1906 –
provides for protection of historic,
prehistoric, archaeological, scientific
resources on federal lands. Allows
president to declare national
monuments. In 2017, US president
ordered the act to be reviewed.
- National Park Service Act of 1916 (The Organic Act) –
establishes the NPS to
manage national parks and to “conserve
the scenery and the natural and historic
objects and the wildlife therein…for
future generations….”
Historic Sites Act of 1935 –
establishes
as a national policy protection for public
use of historic sites, buildings, objects.
Led to establishment within the NPS of
the Historic Sites Survey, HABS, HAER,
NHL Program.
- The Department of Transportation Act of 1966 - Section 4(f), states:
- Sect. of Transportation shall cooperate
and consult with the Sect. of the
Interior, Housing and Urban
Development, and Agriculture, and
with states in developing
transportation plans and programs,
and will not approve projects that
encroach on park lands, recreation
areas, wildlife areas, or historic sites
“unless there is a prudent and feasible
alternative.”
