PPT 6 Salivary Glands Flashcards
______ is an enzyme found in saliva of some individuals that begins digestion of starch in the mouth.
Salivary amylase
______ is an enzyme that is activated by stomach acid that digests fat after it is swallowed.
Lingual lipase
_____ binds and lubricates food and aids in swallowing.
Mucus
_____ is an enzyme that kills bacteria by disrupting cell wall.
Lysozyme
_____ chelates iron necessary for bacterial growth.
Lactoferrin
_____ is an antibody in saliva that neutralizes bacteria and viruses.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
_____ is thought to be a potent antimicrobial agent, even against HIV.
SLPI (secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor)
______ aid in oral cavity wound healing and have anti fungal properties.
Histatins
Humans produce about _____ of saliva every day.
1 - 1.5 liters
Food stimulates taste receptors that signal nuclei in the _____ and ____ of the brainstem that also cause salivation.
medulla and pons
______ stimulation of salivary glands produces large volumes of thin, serous, saliva.
Parasympathetic
_____ stimulation of salivary glands produces small volumes of thicker saliva, with more mucus.
Sympathetic
The two types of salivary glands are _______ and _______.
Minor (intrinsic) and Major (extrinsic)
_____ salivary glands open directly or via short ducts, onto the surface of the oral epithelium. Most are mucous glands except for the serous Ebner’s glands in the tongue.
Minor
_____ are obstructed minor salivary glands filled with mucous saliva.
Mucoceles
The three major salivary glands are bilaterally paired structures that are named ____, ____ and _____.
parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands
_____ salivary glands are composed of clusters of glandular acini connected to the oral epithelium by a branching system of ducts.
Major
Secretory products may be _____ (watery fluid) or _____ (thick with glycoproteins) or mixed.
serous, mucous
The parotid gland produces 25% of saliva volume which is delivered via the parotid duct (also known as _______).
Stenson’s duct
Stenson’s ducts (parotid ducts) open at the _____, a small elevation on the mucosal surface of the cheek opposite the second upper molar.
parotid papilla
The submandibular gland produces 70% of saliva volume and the submandibular duct (also known as _______) opens at a small, fleshy prominence on each side of the lingual frenulum on the floor of the oral cavity.
Wharton’s duct
The sublingual gland produces 5% of saliva volume and the sublingual duct (also known as _____) opens alongside the submandibular duct on the sublingual caruncle. There are also many small, short ducts from the sublingual gland that enter individually into the oral cavity called ______.
Bartholin’s duct
ducts of Rivinus
A salivary gland stone is called a _____.
sialolith
An autoimmune disorder that destroys lacrimal and salivary glands resulting in dry eyes and mouth is called _____.
Sjogren’s Syndrome
A protective film on teeth composed of salivary proteins that acts as a barrier against acids, retains moisture and regulates adherence and activity of bacteria and fungi in the oral cavity is called _____.
pellicle
When the pellicle is heavily colonized by bacteria it is called _____.
plaque
When dental plaque becomes calcified it is called _____.
calculus.
Parotid glands are _____-secreting glands.
serous
Submandibular glands are mixed glands but mostly _____-secreting.
serous
Sublingual glands are mixed glands but mostly _____-secreting.
mucus
A cluster of cells arranged in a sphere with a hollow lumen in the center is called ______.
an acinus
Cells of a secretory acinus are arranged in clusters around a lumen that flows first into an _____ duct and then into a _____ duct.
intercalated, striated
_____ duct cells are a simple cuboidal epithelium that may become columnar as it approaches the striated duct.
intercalated
_____ duct cells are tall cuboidal or columnar and may be arranged in either a simple or stratified epithelium.
Striated
When mucous cells swell due to conventional tissue fixation, they force the serous cells out of the acinus and into the _____, a crescent shaped cap of the mucous cell.
demilune
Saliva forms in two stages called _____ and _____.
Primary saliva and final saliva
_____ is formed from the acinus and intercalated ducts.
Primary saliva
_____ becomes hypotonic as it passes through the striated and excretory ducts, mainly by reabsorption and secretion of ions.
Final saliva
The cells that are thought to be contractile that surround acini are called _____.
myoepithelial cells.
_____ ducts add lysozyme and lactoferrin to the saliva.
Intercalated
_____ ducts secrete buffering bicarbonate into the saliva.
Striated
_____ ducts are the principal ducts of the major salivary glands that connect with the oral cavity.
Excretory
The clinical term for dry mouth is _____.
Xerostomia
