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Immunology Block 2 > Ppt 6 Generation of Humoral Effector Mechanisms > Flashcards

Ppt 6 Generation of Humoral Effector Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of antibodies

A

1) opsonize
2) neutralize
3) activate classical complement

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2
Q

when you have a thymus independent antigen stimulating B cells reaction, you will generally not make these 3 things:

A

1) no memory
2) no isotype switching
3) no somatic mutation

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3
Q

thymus dependent antigen are what kind of molecules?

A

protein

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4
Q

thymus independent antigen are what kind of molecules?

A

polyvalent (lipid/carb/protein)

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5
Q

is there isotype switching in thymus dependent antigen?

A

yes

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6
Q

is there memory in thymus dependent antigen reaction?

A

yes

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7
Q

when B cells interact with T helper cells, what 3 things are needed for the interaction to take place?

A

MHC 2 and co-stimulation, CD40-CD40L

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8
Q

THelper 2 cells will cause B cells to have memory?

A

yes

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9
Q

once the costimulation (B7), MHC 2 and CD40-CD40L interaction occurs between T Helper cell and B cell, what happens?

A

B cell expresses receptor for cytokines

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10
Q

When complement activates, what complement product attaches to microbes? what receptor on B cells recognizes this?

A

C3d recognized by B cell CR 2 receptor

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11
Q

in X-linked Hyper IgM, what antibodies are deficient?

A

IgA, IgE and IgG

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12
Q

in X-linked Hyper IgM, what receptor is deficient?

A

CD40L

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13
Q

T helper cells generally stimulate B cells to have 3 things:

A

1) affinity maturation
2) isotype switching
3) memory

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14
Q

what is a Hapten?

A

antigenic molecule that can’t induce immune response by itself

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15
Q

what does a hapten need to be attached to?

A

a large protein

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16
Q

what happens when you inject Ig into another animal?

A

it causes an antibody response

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17
Q

what is isotype?

A

means that you have different types of constant regions in different heavy chains that can be switched

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18
Q

what is allotype?

A

multiple alleles (variations in polypeptides) that code for the same isotype

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19
Q

what is idiotype?

A

a specific shape in the variable region that determines that antigen recognition

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20
Q

what antibody heavy chains have 4 domains and 1 hinge region?

A

IgG, IgA, IgD

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21
Q

what antibodies have 5 domains and no hinge?

A

IgM, IgE

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22
Q

what chain holds the different IgA dimers (trimers)?

A

J chain

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23
Q

what antibodies can form multimers?

A

IgM and IgA

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24
Q

this antibody is used for ADCC?

A

IgG

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25
Q

this antibody is produced after IgM

A

IgG

26
Q

this antibody is actively transported through the placenta?

A

IgG

27
Q

this antibody has no known function and is found on surface of B cells?

A

IgD

28
Q

this antibody is bound to mast cells and basophils?

A

IgE

29
Q

this antibody mediates the Type 1 Hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

30
Q

this antibody protects against parasites?

A

IgE

31
Q

This antibody is mainly found in secretions like tears, saliva, intestinal and respiratory tract?

A

IgA

32
Q

this antibody is found in submucosa?

A

IgA

33
Q

this antibody prevents binding of bacteria and viruses to the mucosa?

A

IgA

34
Q

this antibody is found in breast milk?

A

IgA

35
Q

this is the antibody first produced in primary response?

A

IgM

36
Q

this antibody has a plasma valence of 10:

A

IgM

37
Q

this antibody has a low affinity:

A

IgM

38
Q

this antibody has the highest avidity of all

A

IgM

39
Q

what does IgA use to gain passage into the mucosa?

A

the secretory component

40
Q

what is trancytosis?

A

transport across the cell from the basement M to luminal surface

41
Q

what Fc receptor is used to bind IgE to mast cells?

A

FceRI

42
Q

how will antibodies protect adjacent cells from infection?

A

they bind to active sites of microbes before they bind to other cells

43
Q

what F c receptor is used for IgG and is involved in ADCC by NK cells?

A

FcyRIIIA

44
Q

what antibodies does FcyRI bind?

A

binds IgG 1 and IgG 3

45
Q

what is FcyRI used for?

A

phagocytosis

46
Q

this Fc receptor is used for feedback inhibition of B cells

A

FcyRIIB

47
Q

what IgG subtypes are used in ADCC?

A

IgG 1 and IgG3

48
Q

ADCC can also be used by what other cell recognizing IgE?

A

eosinophils

49
Q

when an antibody has monomer valency, how will its avidity be?

A

low

50
Q

when an antibody has bivalent valency, how will its avidity be?

A

high

51
Q

when a antibody has polyvalent valency, how will its avidity be?

A

ver high

52
Q

what is the valency of an antibody?

A

how many places it has to bind antigen

53
Q

what is the affinity of an antibody?

A

how strong it will bind to antigen with only 1 of its receptors

54
Q

what is the avidity of an antibody?

A

how strong it will bind to antigen using all of its receptors

55
Q

how many alleles does a B cell express for an antibody heavy chain and light chain?

A

1 allele only

56
Q

how does an antibody achieve diversity (3 ways)?

A

1) by having different combinations of heavy chains with light chains
2) by somatic hypermutation
3) combinatorial and junctional diversity

57
Q

what starts the process of somatic hypermutation?

A

AID

58
Q

what does AID do in a B cells?

A

class switching and somatic hypermutation

59
Q

do you have a high Kd or low Kd when antibodies have high affinity for antigen?

A

low Kd

60
Q

you need interaction of this receptor on B cells and t helper cells to have class switching from IgM

A

CD40-CD40L

61
Q

this enzyme makes alterations in nucleotides the switch regions for them to be added downstream, in B cells

A

AID

Immunology Block 2 (3 decks)

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