Ppt 6 Generation of Humoral Effector Mechanisms

Question 1

3 functions of antibodies

Answer 1

1) opsonize
2) neutralize
3) activate classical complement

Question 2

when you have a thymus independent antigen stimulating B cells reaction, you will generally not make these 3 things:

Answer 2

1) no memory
2) no isotype switching
3) no somatic mutation

Question 3

thymus dependent antigen are what kind of molecules?

Answer 3

protein

Question 4

thymus independent antigen are what kind of molecules?

Answer 4

polyvalent (lipid/carb/protein)

Question 5

is there isotype switching in thymus dependent antigen?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

is there memory in thymus dependent antigen reaction?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

when B cells interact with T helper cells, what 3 things are needed for the interaction to take place?

Answer 7

MHC 2 and co-stimulation, CD40-CD40L

Question 8

THelper 2 cells will cause B cells to have memory?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

once the costimulation (B7), MHC 2 and CD40-CD40L interaction occurs between T Helper cell and B cell, what happens?

Answer 9

B cell expresses receptor for cytokines

Question 10

When complement activates, what complement product attaches to microbes? what receptor on B cells recognizes this?

Answer 10

C3d recognized by B cell CR 2 receptor

Question 11

in X-linked Hyper IgM, what antibodies are deficient?

Answer 11

IgA, IgE and IgG

Question 12

in X-linked Hyper IgM, what receptor is deficient?

Answer 12

CD40L

Question 13

T helper cells generally stimulate B cells to have 3 things:

Answer 13

1) affinity maturation
2) isotype switching
3) memory

Question 14

what is a Hapten?

Answer 14

antigenic molecule that can’t induce immune response by itself

Question 15

what does a hapten need to be attached to?

Answer 15

a large protein

Question 16

what happens when you inject Ig into another animal?

Answer 16

it causes an antibody response

Question 17

what is isotype?

Answer 17

means that you have different types of constant regions in different heavy chains that can be switched

Question 18

what is allotype?

Answer 18

multiple alleles (variations in polypeptides) that code for the same isotype

Question 19

what is idiotype?

Answer 19

a specific shape in the variable region that determines that antigen recognition

Question 20

what antibody heavy chains have 4 domains and 1 hinge region?

Answer 20

IgG, IgA, IgD

Question 21

what antibodies have 5 domains and no hinge?

Answer 21

IgM, IgE

Question 22

what chain holds the different IgA dimers (trimers)?

Answer 22

J chain

Question 23

what antibodies can form multimers?

Answer 23

IgM and IgA

Question 24

this antibody is used for ADCC?

Answer 24

IgG

Question 25

this antibody is produced after IgM

Answer 25

IgG

Question 26

this antibody is actively transported through the placenta?

Answer 26

IgG

Question 27

this antibody has no known function and is found on surface of B cells?

Answer 27

IgD

Question 28

this antibody is bound to mast cells and basophils?

Answer 28

IgE

Question 29

this antibody mediates the Type 1 Hypersensitivity?

Answer 29

IgE

Question 30

this antibody protects against parasites?

Answer 30

IgE

Question 31

This antibody is mainly found in secretions like tears, saliva, intestinal and respiratory tract?

Answer 31

IgA

Question 32

this antibody is found in submucosa?

Answer 32

IgA

Question 33

this antibody prevents binding of bacteria and viruses to the mucosa?

Answer 33

IgA

Question 34

this antibody is found in breast milk?

Answer 34

IgA

Question 35

this is the antibody first produced in primary response?

Answer 35

IgM

Question 36

this antibody has a plasma valence of 10:

Answer 36

IgM

Question 37

this antibody has a low affinity:

Answer 37

IgM

Question 38

this antibody has the highest avidity of all

Answer 38

IgM

Question 39

what does IgA use to gain passage into the mucosa?

Answer 39

the secretory component

Question 40

what is trancytosis?

Answer 40

transport across the cell from the basement M to luminal surface

Question 41

what Fc receptor is used to bind IgE to mast cells?

Answer 41

FceRI

Question 42

how will antibodies protect adjacent cells from infection?

Answer 42

they bind to active sites of microbes before they bind to other cells

Question 43

what F c receptor is used for IgG and is involved in ADCC by NK cells?

Answer 43

FcyRIIIA

Question 44

what antibodies does FcyRI bind?

Answer 44

binds IgG 1 and IgG 3

Question 45

what is FcyRI used for?

Answer 45

phagocytosis

Question 46

this Fc receptor is used for feedback inhibition of B cells

Answer 46

FcyRIIB

Question 47

what IgG subtypes are used in ADCC?

Answer 47

IgG 1 and IgG3

Question 48

ADCC can also be used by what other cell recognizing IgE?

Answer 48

eosinophils

Question 49

when an antibody has monomer valency, how will its avidity be?

Answer 49

low

Question 50

when an antibody has bivalent valency, how will its avidity be?

Answer 50

high

Question 51

when a antibody has polyvalent valency, how will its avidity be?

Answer 51

ver high

Question 52

what is the valency of an antibody?

Answer 52

how many places it has to bind antigen

Question 53

what is the affinity of an antibody?

Answer 53

how strong it will bind to antigen with only 1 of its receptors

Question 54

what is the avidity of an antibody?

Answer 54

how strong it will bind to antigen using all of its receptors

Question 55

how many alleles does a B cell express for an antibody heavy chain and light chain?

Answer 55

1 allele only

Question 56

how does an antibody achieve diversity (3 ways)?

Answer 56

1) by having different combinations of heavy chains with light chains 2) by somatic hypermutation 3) combinatorial and junctional diversity

Question 57

what starts the process of somatic hypermutation?

Answer 57

AID

Question 58

what does AID do in a B cells?

Answer 58

class switching and somatic hypermutation

Question 59

do you have a high Kd or low Kd when antibodies have high affinity for antigen?

Answer 59

low Kd

Question 60

you need interaction of this receptor on B cells and t helper cells to have class switching from IgM

Answer 60

CD40-CD40L

Question 61

this enzyme makes alterations in nucleotides the switch regions for them to be added downstream, in B cells

Answer 61

AID