ppt 5 breathing system

Question 1

When gases pass through a tube the pressure at the outlet will be?

Answer 1

lower than that at the inlet.

Question 2

gas moves from what concentration of pressure to what concentration of pressure?

Answer 2

high pressure to low pressure.

Question 3

In laminar flow where is flow the fastest?

Answer 3

center of the tube where there is less friction.

Question 4

resistance is directly proportional to what during laminar flow?

Answer 4

flow rate

8 x viscosity x length of tube

Question 5

If resistance is directly proportional to flow rate then when flow is increased what happens to resistance?

Answer 5

resistance will increase as well.

when flow is less than resistance will be less.

Question 6

What factor is most important determiner in turbulent flow compared to laminar flow?

Answer 6

density becomes more important in turbulent flow, where in laminar flow viscosity is more important.

Question 7

A smaller ETT will do what to the work of breathing?

Answer 7

make it harder, adds resistance bc diameter is reduced.

Question 8

changes in resistance parallel changes in?

Answer 8

work of breathing, if resistance goes up then so does work of breathing.

Question 9

what are the two most distensible breathing system components? (one is more than the other)

Answer 9

the reservoir bag is #1

and breathing tubes (somewhat)

Question 10

What is compliance?

Answer 10

compliance- the ratio of a change in volume to a change in pressure.

Question 11

If you have less dead space will that cause more or less re breathing?

Answer 11

less dead space = less re breathing

Question 12

size for male fittings and female fittings?

Answer 12

male is 22mm and female is 15mm

Question 13

what is the volume on a reservoir bag?

Answer 13

3 L for adults

Question 14

breathing tubes (long ones on a machine) are designed to retain what?

Answer 14

moisture and heat

Question 15

If the APL valve is fully open will there be pressure on the patient?

Answer 15

no, when fully open no pressure on the patient.

Question 16

How will you have the APL valve set for spontaneous breathing?

Answer 16

Fully open

Question 17

If you partially close the APL valve what does that result in?

Answer 17

CPAP bc it is a little bit of pressure.

Question 18

How does the APL valve “remain” during inspiration and during experation?

Answer 18

Remains closed during inspiration and opens during exhalation

Question 19

When you close the APL valve to any degree what does that create?

Answer 19

Closing the APL valve creates pressure, the more closed the more pressure

Question 20

Is the APL valve in use when the vent is on?

Answer 20

No, when the Vent is in use the APL valve is not in use.

Question 21

When is the APL actually in use?

Answer 21

during manuel ventilation or spont. ventilation.

Question 22

Can you take the bag off while the vent is in use?

Answer 22

Yes, you could take the bag off and it would change nothing, bc the bag is not in use while the vent is on.

Question 23

Where is the (disposable) PEEP valve located?

Answer 23

Exhalation limb

Question 24

what are the four breathing system classifications?

Answer 24

open
semiopen
semiclosed
closed

Question 25

Open system means?

Answer 25

no scavenging | thus the patient is inhaling only the mixture delivered by the anesthesia machine.

Question 26

What is a semiopen system?

Answer 26

NO chemical absorption of CO2 exhaled gases are rebreathethed

Question 27

Semi-closed what does that mean?

Answer 27

there is CO2 absorption, some gas loss.

Question 28

Closed system?

Answer 28

complete true rebreathing, no loss of gases, CO2 absorption.

Question 29

What breathing system is used most often in the OR?

Answer 29

SEMI CLOSED system

Question 30

What is insufflation? Who do we typically use in on?

Answer 30

it refers to blowing anesthetics to the patients face, typically used on pediatric induction.

Question 31

When insufflation is used CO2 accumulation under the drapes can occur, what do we do to combat this?

Answer 31

oxygen flows greater than 10L/min.

Question 32

Mapleson systems....what are they?

Answer 32

classification of different systems depending on the location of components of the system

Question 33

what are the components of the mapleson circuits?

Answer 33

breathing tubes fresh gas inlet pressure-relief valve breathing bag

Question 34

What is the mapleson E missing?

Answer 34

reservoir bag

Question 35

A specific type of mapleson A is?

Answer 35

lack modification

Question 36

what does lack modification allow for?

Answer 36

inspired gas to be warmed with the expired gas

Question 37

most common absorbent?

Answer 37

soda lime

Question 38

smaller granules in the CO2 absorber are more dense what does this cause?

Answer 38

more resistance of the gas

Question 39

larger granules in the CO2 absorber are less dense what does this cause?

Answer 39

less resistance and the gas can move easier

Question 40

Why is double canister better?

Answer 40

allow more CO2 absorption, less changes, and higher resistance to flow.

Question 41

in a CO2 absorber in what direction does saturation with CO2 occur?

Answer 41

top down

Question 42

what is a CO2 indicator in relation to the CO2 absorber?

Answer 42

CO2 is an acid, thus the indicator is a chemical that when the PH changes it changes colors. (white to purple)

Question 43

what is regeneration in relation to the CO2 absorber?

Answer 43

When the CO2 absorber turns from puple back to white, it has reginerated BUT once exposed to CO2 again it will quickly change back to purple bc it is still used up.

Question 44

Does a fast respiratory rate and large tidal volumes increase or decrease resistance?

Answer 44

increases resistance

Question 45

What fresh gas flow rates is an absorber useful for?

Answer 45

at low fresh gas flows, less than 1L/min the circle system with an absorber prevents rebreathing

Question 46

When may a CO2 absorber not be necessary,at what fresh gas flow rates?

Answer 46

flow rates higher than 5L/min, re breathing is minimal.

Question 47

Why is the expiratory valve more susceptible to damage?

Answer 47

because of exposure to humidity of alveolar gas

Question 48

Unidirectional valves are also considered what other two types of valves?

Answer 48

check valves | flutter type valves

Question 49

High flows do what to humidity?

Answer 49

give low humidity

Question 50

low flows do what to humidity?

Answer 50

give high humidity

Question 51

Mapleson A is best for?

Answer 51

spont. ventilation

Question 52

Mapleson D best for?

Answer 52

controlled ventilation