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Equipment > ppt 5 breathing system > Flashcards

ppt 5 breathing system Flashcards

1
Q

When gases pass through a tube the pressure at the outlet will be?

A

lower than that at the inlet.

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2
Q

gas moves from what concentration of pressure to what concentration of pressure?

A

high pressure to low pressure.

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3
Q

In laminar flow where is flow the fastest?

A

center of the tube where there is less friction.

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4
Q

resistance is directly proportional to what during laminar flow?

A

flow rate

8 x viscosity x length of tube

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5
Q

If resistance is directly proportional to flow rate then when flow is increased what happens to resistance?

A

resistance will increase as well.

when flow is less than resistance will be less.

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6
Q

What factor is most important determiner in turbulent flow compared to laminar flow?

A

density becomes more important in turbulent flow, where in laminar flow viscosity is more important.

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7
Q

A smaller ETT will do what to the work of breathing?

A

make it harder, adds resistance bc diameter is reduced.

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8
Q

changes in resistance parallel changes in?

A

work of breathing, if resistance goes up then so does work of breathing.

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9
Q

what are the two most distensible breathing system components? (one is more than the other)

A

the reservoir bag is #1

and breathing tubes (somewhat)

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10
Q

What is compliance?

A

compliance- the ratio of a change in volume to a change in pressure.

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11
Q

If you have less dead space will that cause more or less re breathing?

A

less dead space = less re breathing

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12
Q

size for male fittings and female fittings?

A

male is 22mm and female is 15mm

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13
Q

what is the volume on a reservoir bag?

A

3 L for adults

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14
Q

breathing tubes (long ones on a machine) are designed to retain what?

A

moisture and heat

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15
Q

If the APL valve is fully open will there be pressure on the patient?

A

no, when fully open no pressure on the patient.

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16
Q

How will you have the APL valve set for spontaneous breathing?

A

Fully open

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17
Q

If you partially close the APL valve what does that result in?

A

CPAP bc it is a little bit of pressure.

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18
Q

How does the APL valve “remain” during inspiration and during experation?

A

Remains closed during inspiration and opens during exhalation

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19
Q

When you close the APL valve to any degree what does that create?

A

Closing the APL valve creates pressure, the more closed the more pressure

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20
Q

Is the APL valve in use when the vent is on?

A

No, when the Vent is in use the APL valve is not in use.

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21
Q

When is the APL actually in use?

A

during manuel ventilation or spont. ventilation.

22
Q

Can you take the bag off while the vent is in use?

A

Yes, you could take the bag off and it would change nothing, bc the bag is not in use while the vent is on.

23
Q

Where is the (disposable) PEEP valve located?

A

Exhalation limb

24
Q

what are the four breathing system classifications?

A

open
semiopen
semiclosed
closed

25
Q

Open system means?

A

no scavenging

thus the patient is inhaling only the mixture delivered by the anesthesia machine.

26
Q

What is a semiopen system?

A

NO chemical absorption of CO2

exhaled gases are rebreathethed

27
Q

Semi-closed what does that mean?

A

there is CO2 absorption, some gas loss.

28
Q

Closed system?

A

complete true rebreathing, no loss of gases, CO2 absorption.

29
Q

What breathing system is used most often in the OR?

A

SEMI CLOSED system

30
Q

What is insufflation? Who do we typically use in on?

A

it refers to blowing anesthetics to the patients face, typically used on pediatric induction.

31
Q

When insufflation is used CO2 accumulation under the drapes can occur, what do we do to combat this?

A

oxygen flows greater than 10L/min.

32
Q

Mapleson systems….what are they?

A

classification of different systems depending on the location of components of the system

33
Q

what are the components of the mapleson circuits?

A

breathing tubes
fresh gas inlet
pressure-relief valve
breathing bag

34
Q

What is the mapleson E missing?

A

reservoir bag

35
Q

A specific type of mapleson A is?

A

lack modification

36
Q

what does lack modification allow for?

A

inspired gas to be warmed with the expired gas

37
Q

most common absorbent?

A

soda lime

38
Q

smaller granules in the CO2 absorber are more dense what does this cause?

A

more resistance of the gas

39
Q

larger granules in the CO2 absorber are less dense what does this cause?

A

less resistance and the gas can move easier

40
Q

Why is double canister better?

A

allow more CO2 absorption, less changes, and higher resistance to flow.

41
Q

in a CO2 absorber in what direction does saturation with CO2 occur?

A

top down

42
Q

what is a CO2 indicator in relation to the CO2 absorber?

A

CO2 is an acid, thus the indicator is a chemical that when the PH changes it changes colors. (white to purple)

43
Q

what is regeneration in relation to the CO2 absorber?

A

When the CO2 absorber turns from puple back to white, it has reginerated BUT once exposed to CO2 again it will quickly change back to purple bc it is still used up.

44
Q

Does a fast respiratory rate and large tidal volumes increase or decrease resistance?

A

increases resistance

45
Q

What fresh gas flow rates is an absorber useful for?

A

at low fresh gas flows, less than 1L/min the circle system with an absorber prevents rebreathing

46
Q

When may a CO2 absorber not be necessary,at what fresh gas flow rates?

A

flow rates higher than 5L/min, re breathing is minimal.

47
Q

Why is the expiratory valve more susceptible to damage?

A

because of exposure to humidity of alveolar gas

48
Q

Unidirectional valves are also considered what other two types of valves?

A

check valves

flutter type valves

49
Q

High flows do what to humidity?

A

give low humidity

50
Q

low flows do what to humidity?

A

give high humidity

51
Q

Mapleson A is best for?

A

spont. ventilation

52
Q

Mapleson D best for?

A

controlled ventilation

Equipment (6 decks)

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