PPT 4 COMMUNICATION Flashcards
In nursing, It is a dynamic
process used to gather assessment data, to
each and persuade, and to express caring
and comfort.
communication
Face to face communication involves:
A sender
A message
A receiver
And a response, or feedback
is a
two-way process involving the sending and
the receiving of a message.
communication
is a
two-way process involving the sending and
the receiving of a message.
communication
A person or group who wishes to convey a message
to another, can be considered the source-encoder.
sender
Is what is actually said or written, the body language
that accompanies the words, and how the message is
transmitted.
message
Is the listener, who must listen, observe,
and attend. This person is the decoder,
who must perceive what the sender
intended (interpretation).
receiver
Is the message that the receiver returns
to the sender.
feedback
MODES OF COMMUNICATION
Uses the spoken or written word
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Uses other forms, such as gestures or facial
expressions, and touch.
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Another form of communication has
evolved with technology—
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
When choosing words to say or write,
nurses need to consider:
PACE AND INTONATION
SIMPLICITY
CLARITY AND BREVITY
TIMING AND RELEVANCE
ADAPTABILITY
CREDIBILITY
HUMOR
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
To observe nonverbal behavior efficiently
requires a systematic assessment of the
person’s overall:
PERSONAL/ PHYSICAL
APPEARANCE
POSTURE AND GAIT
FACIAL EXPRESSION
GESTURES
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
To observe nonverbal behavior efficiently
requires a systematic assessment of the
person’s overall:
PERSONAL/ PHYSICAL
APPEARANCE
POSTURE AND GAIT
FACIAL EXPRESSION
GESTURES
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT
GENDER
VALUES AND PERCEPTIONS
PERSONAL SPACE
TERRITORIALITY
ROLES AMD RELATIONSHIPS
ENVIRONMENT
CONGRUENCE
INTERPERSONAL ATTITUDES
promotes understanding and can help establish a constructive
relationship between the nurse and the client.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES are:
Using silence
Providing general leads
Being specific & tentative
Using open-ended questions
Using touch
Restating or paraphrasing
Seeking clarification
Perception checking or seeking consensual validation
Offering self
Giving information
Acknowledging
Clarifying time or sequence
Presenting reality
Focusing
Reflecting
Summarizing and planning
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
Is listening attentively, using all
the senses, as opposed to
listening passively with just the
ear..
ATTENTIVE LISTENINGATTENTIVE LISTENING
A manner of being present to
another or being with another.
PHYSICAL ATTENDING
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
Stereotyping
Agreeing and disagreeing
Being defensive
Challenging
Probing
Testing
Rejecting
Changing topics and subjects
Unwarranted reassurance
Passing judgement
Giving common advice
Nurse-client relationships are referred to by some as interpersonal
relationships, by others as therapeutic relationships, and by still others as
helping relationships.
The helping relationships
_________is a growth-facilitating process that strives to achieve two basic
goals:
Help clients manage their problems in living more effectively and
develop unused or underused opportunities more fully.
Help clients become better at helping themselves in their everyday lives.
helping
The keys to a helping relationship are:
The development of trust & acceptance between the nurse & the client
An underlying belief that the nurse cares about and wants to help the client
The keys to a helping relationship are:
The development of trust & acceptance between the nurse & the client
An underlying belief that the nurse cares about and wants to help the client
The characteristics of a HELPING RELATIONSHIP:
Is an intellectual & emotional bond between the nurse & the client & is
focused on the client
Respects the client as an individual
Respects client confidentiality
Focuses on the client’s well-being
Is based on mutual trust, respect, & acceptance.
PHASES OF HELPING RELATIONSHIP
PREINTERACTION PHASE
INTRODUCTORY PHASE
WORKING (MAINTAINING)
PHASE
TERMINATION PHASE
Developing Helping Relationships
Listening actively
Help to identify what the person is feeling.
Put yourself in the other person’s shoes.
Be honest.
Be genuine and credible.
Use your ingenuity.
Be aware of cultural differences that may
affect meaning and understanding.
Maintain client confidentiality.
Know your role and limitations.
A group is two or more people who have shared
needs & goals. Who take each other into account
in their actions, and who thus are held together
and set apart from others by virtue off their
interactions.
group communication
The communication that takes place between
members of any group is known as
group dynamics
Three main functions in group dymanics are required for any group
to be effective:
It must maintain a degree of group unity or
cohesion.
It needs to develop and modify its structure to
improve its effectiveness.
It must accomplish its goals.
GROUP DYNAMICS CAHRACTERISTICS
CHECK PPT SLIDE#18
TYPES OF HEALTH CARE GROUPS
TASK GROUPS
TEACHING GROUPS
SELF-HELP GROUPS
SELF-AWARENESS/GROWTH
GROUPS
THERAPY GROUPS
WORK-RELATED SOCIAL
SUPPORT GROUPS
TYPES OF HEALTH CARE GROUPS
TASK GROUPS
TEACHING GROUPS
SELF-HELP GROUPS
SELF-AWARENESS/GROWTH
GROUPS
THERAPY GROUPS
WORK-RELATED SOCIAL
SUPPORT GROUPS
_____is an integral part of
the nursing process. Nurses use
communication skills in each phase of
the nursing process. Communication
is also important when caring for
clients who have communication
problems.
COMMUNICATION
__________are
even more important when the client
has sensory, language, or cognitive
deficits.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Impaired verbal communication may be used as a nursing
diagnosis when “an individual experiences a decreased, delayed,
or absent ability to receive, process, transmit, and use a system
of symbols—anything that has meaning.
diagnosis
To assess the client’s communication, the nurse
determines communication impairments or barriers &
communication style.
Impairments to communication:
Language deficits
Sensory deficits
Cognitive impairments
Structural deficits
Paralysis
Style of communication:
Verbal communication
Nonverbal communication
assessing
When nursing diagnosis related to impaired verbal
communication has been made, the nurse and client
determine outcomes and begin planning ways to promote
effective communication.
EXAMPLES of outcome criteria to evaluate the
effectiveness of nursing interventions & achievement of the
client goals follow.
planning
Nursing interventions to facilitate
communication with clients who have
problems with speech or language
include:
Manipulating the environment
Providing support
Employing measures to enhance
communication
Educating the clint and support
person
implementing
is useful for both client and
nurse communication.
CLIENT COMMUNICATION
To establish whether client outcomes have been
met in relation to communication, the nurse must
listen actively, observe nonverbal cues, and use
therapeutic communication skills to determine that
communication was effective.
NURSE COMMUNICATION
For nurses to evaluate the effectiveness of their
own communication with clients, PROCESS
RECORDINGS are frequently used. A process
recording is a verbatim (word-for-word) account of
a conversation.
Evaluation
