PPT 1 - HIGH RISK INFANTS Flashcards
Classification of infants
- well infants
- high-risk infants
- sick infants
an infant that appears well but has a much greater chance than most infants
high-risk infant
what should you do for a high-risk infant?
- identify the clinical problem
- prevent this problem occurring
- monitor
- treat
infant that does not appear well and has abnormal clinical signs
sick infant
causes of sick infant
- infection
- hypoxia
- hypothermia
- hypoglycemia
- acute blood loss
- anemia
- trauma
at risk newborns
- postterm newborn
- preterm newborn
- SGA newborn
- LGA newborn
- infant of a diabetic mother
- newborn exposed to HIV/AIDS
low birth weight infant
less than 2500g
very low birth weight infant
less than 1500g
extremely low birth weight infant
less than 1000g
normal weight of an infant
6-7 lbs or 3000 grams
premature babies
less than 37 weeks
maternal factors in prematurity term
- diabetes
- chronic disease (heart disease, infection, kidney disease)
- poor nutrition
- multiple births
- drug abuse
- IUD in gravid uterus
physical signs of prematurity
- body hair (lanugo)
- abnormal breathing patterns
- enlarged clitoris
respiratory manifestion in prematurity term
- tachypnea
- grunting
- nasal flaring
- retractions
- cyanosis
- decreased oxygen saturation
cardiovascular manifestations
- poor tissue perfusion
- hypotension
- patent ductus arteriosus
a machine will help the baby breathe
ventilator
4 ways a newborn may lose heat to the environment
- evaporation (through moisture)
- radiation (
- convection
- conduction
how to prevent heat loss at the time of birth?
- drying
- wrapping
- breastfeeding
- skin-to-skin
any newborn born after 40 weeks or 42 idk
postterm infant
maternal factors in postterm infants
- post maturity
- primiparity
- high multiparity
- history of prolonged pregnancies
characteristics of postterm infants
- absent of lanugo
- reduced subcutaneous tissues
- little if any vernix caseosa
- abundant scalp hair
- long
occurs when the fetus does not receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen needed for the proper growth
intrauterine growth restriction
a test using sound waves to create picture of internal structures
ultrasound
a term used to describe a baby who is smaller than the usual number of weeks of pregnancy
small for gestational age
maternal factors in small for gestational age
- infection
- malnutrition, anemia
- high blood pressure
- advanced diabetes
- substance use
- cigaretter smoking
a neonate whose birth weight is at or above the 90th percentile on the intrauterine growth curse
Large for gestational age (LGA)
indicates excessive growth regardless of gestational age
Macrosomia
