ppt 1

Question 1

what is rad bio

Answer 1

describing and explaining the changes that radiation produces in biological cells and organisms

Question 2

ionizing radiation such as x rays may produce harmful effects on living organisms such as…

Answer 2

-gross or microscopic
-lethal or non-lethal
-immediate or delayed

Question 3

agricultural use of radiation…

Answer 3

-sterilize male pest insects and release them into wild population to decrease population growth
-irradiate grains, spices, fruits, milk etc to preserve foods and increase their shelf life

Question 4

industrial use of radiation

Answer 4

-scientific research
-electrical power generation
-instrument and guages to measure thickness and density of material

Question 5

medical use of radiation…

Answer 5

-sterilization of medical equipment
-use of xray for dx
-use of radioisotopes for dx
-use of xrays and gamma rays for treating cx
-use of Ab-radioisotope conjugates for treating cx (radioimmunotherapy)

Question 6

what is ionizing radiation

Answer 6

-ion charged particles
-ionization= separation of orbital electrons from an atom
-ionizing radiation= enough energy to ionize the matter through which it passes
-mechanism in which human tissue is damaged

Question 7

what happens when an ion sharing electrons by 2 atoms forms a molecular bond…

Answer 7

that bond is broken and thus the molecule falls apart

Question 8

activity is

Answer 8

measure of how much radioactivity a radioactive material emits, measured in disintegrations/sec

Question 9

measurements of activity

Answer 9

curies, becquerel

Question 10

1 Ci=

Answer 10

3.7 x 10^10 disintegrations/sec

Question 11

1 Becquerel=

Answer 11

1 disintegreations/sec

Question 12

1 Ci=

Answer 12

3.7 x 10^10 Bq

Question 13

exposure is…

Answer 13

measure of how many ion pairs are formed in a given volume of air when exposed to radiation.

Question 14

what is exposure not

Answer 14

NOT meausre of energy absorbed or dose. NOT relate to amount of biological affetcs on human body

Question 15

roentgen is the

Answer 15

amount of gamma or xrays which produce ions carrying one electrostatic unit of hcarge in one cm3 of dry air (usually expressed in R/min or R/hr

Question 16

radiation absorbed dose (rad) is a

Answer 16

unit of meausring absorbed dose in any material (energy being depositied by radiation)
-applies to all radiation

Question 17

radiation absorbed dose )rad) does not

Answer 17

-not take into acount potential effects of diff types of rad on body
-not measure of risk to body

Question 18

equivalent dose measures

Answer 18

dose in a person in remr

Question 19

rem stands for

Answer 19

roentgen equivalent man

Question 20

what does rem take into account

Answer 20

• energy absorbed dose
• relative biological effects on the body due to diferent types of radiation
  -measure damage to human

Question 21

absorbed dose x quality factor

Answer 21

quality factor for xray and gamma and beta= 1
quality factor for aplha particles= 20

Question 22

what is occupational rad exposure recorded in

Answer 22

rem

Question 23

dose rate is

Answer 23

how fast you reviece the dose (mrem/hr)

Question 24

dose is

Answer 24

amount of radiation you recieve (mrem)

Question 25

linear no threshold approach says

Answer 25

no amount of radiation is absent of risk and as exp incr so does risk

Question 26

what percent of fatality from cx

Answer 26

25%

Question 27

what percent of fatality for informed exposue

Answer 27

0-1%

Question 28

4 responses to radiation exposure CELLS

Answer 28

-undamaged -cell damaged but able to repair the damage and operate noramlly (only if minimally damaged) -cells damaged and repar but function abnormally -cells die

Question 29

less sensitive cells do what upon rad exposure

Answer 29

slowly dividing cells that are more specialized (nerve cells)

Question 30

more sensitive cells do what

Answer 30

cells divide more rapidly and non specificed (hemopoeitic cells)

Question 31

acute radiation syndrome means

Answer 31

absorbtion of dose lger than 10 rad or greater in short time frame

Question 32

how soon can you noticed symptoms of acute radiation syndrome

Answer 32

hours to weeks

Question 33

what happens is acute whole body dose is >450 rad

Answer 33

50% of pop would die in 60 days without medical treatment

Question 34

whole body means

Answer 34

head, trunk and major blood forming organs extending to the arms just below the elbow and the legs to just below the knees

Question 35

whole body dose rate is

Answer 35

radiation level measured at a point of approx 30 cm or 1 ft from the source

Question 36

blood forming organ syndrome needs how many rads

Answer 36

>100 rad to affect BM

Question 37

blood forming organ syndrome is... and includes what organs... and symptoms

Answer 37

damage to cells that divide most rapidly and bm, spleen, lymphatic tissue and symptoms: internal bleeding, fatigue, bacterial infection, fever

Question 38

Gi tract symotomys need how many rads and what does it do and symptoms

Answer 38

>1000 rads and damage to cells that are less rapid than hemopoeitic cells -affects lining of stomach and inestines -symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalnce, loss of digestion, bleeding ulcers

Question 39

central nervous systen beeds how many rads to be damaged and symptoms

Answer 39

>5000 rads -cells that do not reproduce -affects nerve cells - death caused by internal bleeding, fluid, and pressure build up on brain

Question 40

200-300 rads causes what

Answer 40

-reddening of the skin -hair loss via damaged follicles

Question 41

125-200 rads to ovaries causes what

Answer 41

prolonged or permanent supression of menstruation in 50% of women

Question 42

600 rad to testicles causes what

Answer 42

permanent sterilization

Question 43

50 rad to thyroid causes what

Answer 43

benign tumors

Question 44

what type of exposure is the human body better equipped to handel

Answer 44

chronic because there is more time to repair the cells and fewer cells that need repair at any given time

Question 45

harder to know the affects in occupational exposure T/F

Answer 45

T

Question 46

somatic effects that are prompt include

Answer 46

occur soon afteer exposed -hair fallin out afte 400 rad dose to scalp but will grow back

Question 47

somatic effects that are delayed include

Answer 47

-takes place years after exposure -cataracts or cancer

Question 48

can effect appear in future generations?

Answer 48

yes as a result of damage to the reproductive cells

Question 49

is risk of future generation affect higher than somatic effect

Answer 49

smaller than somatic effects -dose limits for exposed person equally protect future generations