PPST Exam Flashcards
Common law and use of force
Gives any person the power to use such force as reasonable to protect themselves or another person in imminent danger. The force must be reasonable and necessary to avert the danger
Section 3 Criminal Law Act 1967 states…
A person may use such force as is reasonable in the circumstances of the prevention of crime or effecting or assisting in the lawful arrest of an offender, suspected offenders or a person unlawfully at large
Section 117 PACE
Gives a police officer the power to use force when enacting or exercising any power given under PACE.
What are the 3 Core questions asked for justification of use of force?
- Does the use of force have a lawful objective?
- Are there any means short of using force, capable of attaining the lawful objective identified?
- What is the minimum level of force required to attain the objective identified?
Article 2 of Human Rights Act
Right to life
Article 3 of the Human Rights Act
Prohibition of torture
Article 5 of the Human Rights Act
Right to liberty/security
What are the 3 reasons that justify the use of restraints?
- There are reasonable grounds to believe that the person will attempt/has attempted to escape
- To protect subject
- To protect others
What are the components of handcuffs
- Single bar
- Key lock
- Back strap
- Double lock
- Double bar
What does LEAPS stand for
Listen
Empathise
Ask
Paraphrase
Summarise
What does BUGEE stand for?
Be prepared to back off
Utilise cover
Give space and time
Early negotiation
Evacuate immediate area
Five Step Process
- Simple
- Reason
- Personal
- Final
- Action
What are LEAPS, BUGEE and the Five Step Process used for?
De-escalation strategies
What does SPEAR stand for?
Spontaneous
Protection
Enabling
Accelerated
Response
What are the 4 flinch responses of SPEAR
- No flinch
- Primal
- Protective
- Micro-flinch
Name the 5 pressure points
- Mandibular angle
- Brachial plexus angle (side of neck)
- Hypoglossal
- Subclavian
- Axilla
What is the composition of PAVA?
25% water
2.7% ethanol
72% mono propylene glycol
0.3% nonivamide
Name the parts of a baton
- Tip
- Shaft
- Grip
- End cap
- Retaining clip
Where do you NOT aim a baton strike
Head, neck, sternum, spine or groin
Where do you aim a baton strike
At a 45 degree angle at the centre mass of the weapon delivery system
What is SHACKS?
The grounds that can be used to stop and search someone under section 1 of PACE
What does SHACKS stand for?
Seen
Hear
Action
Communication
Knowledge
Smell
What is an officer allowed to search for under Section 1 of PACE?
- Stolen items
- Prohibited items
- Items for going equipped
What does JOG stand for
Jacket
Outer coat
Gloves
What does GOWISELY stand for?
Grounds
Objects
Warrant card
Identity
Station
Entitlement
Legislation
You are detained
Name the components of the NDM
- Gather info and intel
- Assess risk and threat, and develop a working strategy
- Powers and policy
- Options and contingencies
- Action and Review
- Code of ethics
What are the symptoms of ABD
- Excessive strength
- Extremely aggressive/violent behaviour
- Insensitive to pain
- Acute psychosis
- Hot to touch/profusely sweating
- Hyperthermia
- Rapid breathing
- Rapid heart rate
What are the possible causes of ABD
- Intoxication through alcohol or drugs
- Psychosis/mental health
- Physical health conditions such as brain tumours, low blood sugar, high thyroxine levels
When can a spit and bite guard be used?
If someone has already spat at or bit you OR if you have reasonable cause to believe they will spit or bite you (cannot use past experiences with that person)
How many officers must be present for a spit and bite guard to be used
2
ICRC
Intervene
Calm
Report
Control
Warning Signs
Target glancing
Head down
Quiet
CAMERAS
Contain
Ambulance
Monitor person’s vital signs
Explain to person and family
Relay information to the ambulance
ABD = A&E
Share info with medical professionals
