PPP112 - Exam Study

Question 1

What is the Core police Objective?

Answer 1

Prevent and detect crime through presence and application of good investigative techniques to search for the truth.

Question 2

How does critical thinking relate to the investigation process and the ‘search for the truth’?

Answer 2

Thinking about what one piece of evidence means in respect to another. Does one piece support the other; does it contradict another piece of evidence?

Question 3

How does decision making relate to the investigation process and the ‘search for the truth’?

Answer 3

Deciding to prosecute someone, based on a search of information supported by evidence which supports the proofs/elements of an offence – such a process helps the investigator to establish the truth.

Question 4

Scientific method?

Answer 4

Observing, thinking about and solving problems,
objectively and systematically.
Uncovering inculpatory & exculpatory evidence.

Question 5

What are the steps of the Scientific method of investigation?

Answer 5

1. State the problem
2. Form the hypothesis based on initial observations
3. Collect data by observing and experimenting
4. Interpret the data as a test of the hypothesis
5. If data supports hypothesis so far, continue to collect additional data
6. Draw conclusions

Question 6

What are the three sources of evidence?

Answer 6

People
Physical
Records

Question 7

What to do when dealing with people evidence?

Answer 7

Separate witnesses
Their versions may be different
Canvass the area
Use media/other sources
Interview offenders
Be accurate
Informants and community sources

Question 8

What is policing intelligence?

Answer 8

Information that is of value is intelligence once it has been analysed
Information + Analysis = Intelligence

Question 9

What is a crime scene?

Answer 9

Is the area surrounding a site that a criminal act took place where evidence may be found.

Question 10

Primary crime scene?

Answer 10

Is the area where the offence occurred.

Question 11

Secondary crime scene?

Answer 11

Is where evidence may be found that relates to the offence that occurred

Question 12

What are the priorities when arriving to the crime scene?

Answer 12

1. Identify and assess the hazards
2. Check for signs of life
3. Render/organise first aid
4. Determine the nature & size of the crime scene
5. Determine an entry point not used by suspect
6. Remove all people via entry point & record witness particulars

Question 13

What are the 5 common sense factors?

Answer 13

1. Stop
2. Look
3. Listen
4. Smell
5. Think

Question 14

Who can enter the crime scene? If you are not sure?

Answer 14

People who have a genuine reason for attending. Refuse entry until checked with lead investigator.

Question 15

What records are to be kept of crime scene entry?

Answer 15

Crime scene log containing: name, number, time & date, reason for entry.

Question 16

Section 88

Answer 16

Legislated powers to establish a crime scene on PREMISES.
Provided you are there lawfully
Whilst there to exercise crime scene powers; and
Stay on the premises for those purposes

Question 17

Section 89

Answer 17

States that crime scene may be established in a public place without a warrant.
All the provisions of LEPRA regarding crimes sense still apply.

Question 18

Section 90

Answer 18

Specifies when such crime scenes can be established if a police officer suspects on reasonable grounds that an offence committed in connection:

1. A traffic accident resulting in death or serious injury
2. A serious indictable offence being/was/may have been committed on the premises.
3. Evidence of a serious indictable offence that may have been committed elsewhere.

Question 19

Section 95 subsection (1)

Answer 19

(a-p) sets out the functions a police officer is permitted to exercise:
• (a) to (f) relate specifically to the protection of the crime scene; whilst
• (g) to (p) relate to investigatory functions

Question 20

Section 95 subsection (2)

Answer 20

• Gives police power to remove the ‘thing’ from the crime scene when it is found
• Power to guard the ‘thing’ in or on the crime scene.

Question 21

Section 95 subsection (3)

Answer 21

Owners consent to do so.

Question 22

Section 91

Answer 22

Crime scene establishment

Question 23

Section 92

Answer 23

Excercising powers at crime scene

Question 24

Section 93

Answer 24

Senior officer notification

Question 25

Section 94

Answer 25

Crime scene warrants

Question 26

Section 95a

Answer 26

Stolen vehicles

Question 27

Section 96

Answer 27

Obstruction & hindrance

Question 28

Dealing with witness/victim at crime scene, you must what?

Answer 28

Identify them at crime scene or who has left, escort them from the scene and record, isolate and detain.

Question 29

Do you have the power to detain a witness/victim?

Answer 29

No. You have the power under section 11 to demand name & address. (Section 12 – failure to comply)

Question 30

Strict procedure when dealing with suspects/offenders and a crime scene

Answer 30

* Remove from the scene * Prevent loss/damage to evidence * Should be escorted from scene & searched, separated, secured.

Question 31

Do you have the power to detain/arrest suspect or offender?

Answer 31

Yes. Section 23 (carry out search on arrest)

Question 32

Specialist crime scene examiners:

Answer 32

* Forensic Services * Ballistics * Photogrammetry * Medical officers

Question 33

Locards ‘Principle of interchange’

Answer 33

Holds that the perpetrator of a crime will bring something into the crime scene and leave with something from it.

Question 34

Crime scene examination search for what?

Answer 34

The connection to the crime.

Question 35

What are ‘Exhibits’?

Answer 35

Anything of a distinct nature that assists in establishing a proof, or tends to establish a proof of an offence.

Question 36

What is non-evidentiary property?

Answer 36

Not exhibits or anything to do with the offence i.e. witness/victim property (wallets, h/bags, money, bikes, cars, clothing etc.) Must document & receipt though.

Question 37

Victims in relation to police officers?

Answer 37

Most important customer to police. Victims rely on police for support. Police rely on victims for information and evidence.

Question 38

When dealing with victims, police must what?

Answer 38

Comply with the charter of rights Be victim focused Not conflict or exceed boundaries of duty Encourage independence Provide info & referral to support services

Question 39

What is a primary victim?

Answer 39

Someone who has suffered physical harm, emotional trauma or personal/property loss

Question 40

What is a secondary victim?

Answer 40

Someone who has witnessed a crime or is concerned for victims & adversely affected.

Question 41

NSW charter of victims’ rights and name five?

Answer 41

Recognises victims’ rights and establishes fair treatment standards in justice system Respect - Treated with respect Special bail conditions – which tells you if the suspect gets any bail Protection - need protection tell the police or prosecution when the offender applies for bail Compensation Access to services - If you need medical, counselling, and legal help you will be able to get it

Question 42

What is an Investigative interview? And its purpose?

Answer 42

Talking to people, questioning them, obtaining information and reading between the lines and its purpose is to obtain accurate and reliable information.

Question 43

Types of interviews

Answer 43

First response Notebook Formal E.R.I.S.P

Question 44

What is the peace model? And why do we need it?

Answer 44

Planning and preparation Engage and Explain - Rapport with witness and explain procedure. Account - Actual interviewing stage Closure - Explain what will happen & give your details. Evaluation - Are you happy with the investigation Provides a framework for you to conduct ALL your interviews and promotes ethical interviewing.

Question 45

What are the Cognitive interview stages?

Answer 45

1. Free recall - Brief explanation of event. 2. Sketch - Witness draw sketch 3. Probe - Probe with questions 4. Description - Description of i.e suspect, car. 5. ADVOKAT

Question 46

What is ADVOKAT?

Answer 46

``` Amount of time Distance Visibility Obstructions Known or seen before Any reason to notice Time since observation ```

Question 47

Brief of evidence

Answer 47

Compilation of people, physical and record put into a document for preparation for court.

Question 48

Contepaneous notes

Answer 48

Notes taken as soon as possible taken in chronological order.