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MicroBio > PPP Final > Flashcards

PPP Final Flashcards

1
Q

Penecillin G

A

1st gen
Gram positive
best for syphilis, strep and cali

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2
Q

oxac, dicox, naf

A

2nd gen
gram postive
best for MSSA and beta lactam resitant

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3
Q

Amox, ampicillin ( Clav)

A

3rd gen
postive and negative bacteria, cali
HELP
add Clav - HNPEK

HELP - cherry, shake, santa, triton HNPEK - cherry, mac, triton, dino

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4
Q

Pipercillin

A

4th gen
Postive and negative
HNPEK, CaPES and cali

HNPEK - cherry, mac, triton, shake, dino CAPES - citro, acter, mona, di

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5
Q

Cefazolin, Cephalexin

A

1st gen cephalosporins
Kinectics - long duration
Use - Staph, strep and PEK
AD- Nephrotoxic
Special - MSSA

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6
Q

Cefuroxine, Cefoxitin, Cefotetan

A

2nd Gen
Stap and stre, HNPEK
FOX 10 - B. Frags
Cefuroxine - crosses BBB for menigitis
AD - Cefotetan - alchohol toxic

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7
Q

Ceftriaxone, Ceftotaxime, Ceftazidime

A

3rd gen
emperical menigitis and sepsis, CaPES
Ceftazidine - only one that can treat mona
Triaxone - nisseria vikings

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8
Q

cefepime

A

4th gen
Ceftazdines cousin

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9
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5th gen
treates MRSA only in the family

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10
Q

Aztreonam

A

Penecillin like
USE - negative bc smol, HNPEK and CaPES
used for pen and cep allergic rxn

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11
Q

Meropenam

A

Penecillin like
THE KING for positives and negative (no atypicals or MRSA or cali)
Treat for mengitis and sepsis

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12
Q

Vancomycin

A

MOA- Prevents crosslinking of peptides
Postive only, strep, cali cdiff
MRSA first line
AD - Vancomycin flushing, Ototoxic, Nephrotoxic

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13
Q

Daptomycin

A

Postive only
MRSA, cali, VRE
cant treat pneumonia bc of mucus
AD - muscle weakness, statins X

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14
Q

Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin

A

Type - Animoglycoside
MOA- Bind to LPS (-) and crack membrane but requires OXYGEN blocks 30s BACTERIACIDAL
Use- Gram (-) aeorbes, Psedomonas, Used in combo with gram postive to gain entry
AD - Nephro, Ototosic, Neruomuscular,
Contra - Renal, hearing, pregnacy
Special - NEEDS TO BE MONITORED

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15
Q

Linezolid, Tedizolid

A

Type - Oxazolidinones
MOA- 50s subunit type P
Use- Gram (+), gram neg pumps out, USE ON VRE, VRSA, MRSA
AD - GI, Thrombocytopenia, optic and peropheral neuropathy ( long term)
Contra -
Special - LINEZOLID HTN WITH CHEESE AND WINE, SERITONIN SYNDOME WITH MAO

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16
Q

Doxycycline

A

Type - Tetracycline
MOA-reversible 30s bind to A site
Use- Board Specturm ( +, -, atypicals, MRSA, Rickettsia), + acne, - Brucella
AD - GI, Bone and teeth deposit, phototoxic
Contra - Cations, BWW kids and pregnacy
Special -

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17
Q

Tigecycline

A

Type - Tetracycline
MOA-reversible 30s bind to A site
Use- Board Specturm ( +, -, anaerobes, atypicals, MRSA, Rickettsia), + acne, - Brucella
AD - GI, Bone and teeth deposit, phototoxic
Contra - Cations, BWW kids and pregnacy
Special - ANAEROBES, FAECALIS, VRE, MRSA

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18
Q

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

A

Type - Macrolides
MOA- Binds 50s subunits and block translocation
Use- Broad specturm (+, -, Anaerobes, atypicals) + Strep pneimoniae, - camp jejuni, Chlamydia
AD - SEVERE GI due to increased motility, Hep, QT PROLONG
Contra -
Special - DOC FOR PNEUMONIA

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19
Q

Clindamycin

A

Type - Lincosamide
MOA-50s blocker of translocation
Use- Gram +, Anearobes, MRSA
AD - GI, HIGHEST CHANCE FOR PSUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS from C. DIFF
Contra -
Special - ANEAROBES above THE DIAPRAGM

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20
Q

What does a positve or negative test of MEC A mean

A

MEC A determines Methicillin resistant staph aureus

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21
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethozale

A

Type - Bactrim
MOA- inhibit folic acid and DHFR, Berteiostatic alone, bactericidal together
Use- Broad specturm (+, - , MRSA), HPEK, good for UTI
AD - GI, hypersensitivity, Leukopenia, Hemolytic Anemia (G6P testing), Kernicterus neonates, Hyperkalemia
Contra - CYP, hyperkalemia, BBW pregnacy and infants
Special - Fungi pneumocystis

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22
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Type - Fluoroquinolones
MOA- inhibit top II, do it can glue back DNA rep Bacteriocidal
Use- +, - (BETTER) HNPEK CaPES, Psudomonas (BEST), Antharacis
AD - GI, Neurotoxic, dermatologic, musculoskeletal, QT prolong
Contra - Pregnacy, children, BBW TENDINITIS Peripheal neuropathy
Special - Respitory quinolones, 2hr before or 4 hrs after cations

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23
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Type - Fluoroquinolones
MOA- inhibit top II, do it can glue back DNA rep Bacteriocidal
Use- + (BETTER), -, Psudomona
AD - GI, Neurotoxic, dermatologic, musculoskeletal, QT prolong
Contra - Pregnacy, children, BBW TENDINITIS Peripheal neuropathy
Special - Respitory quinolones, 2hr before or 4 hrs after cations

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24
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Type - Fluoroquinolones
MOA- inhibit top II, do it can glue back DNA rep Bacteriocidal
Use- + (BETTER), -, Anaerobes, atypicals
AD - GI, Neurotoxic, dermatologic, musculoskeletal, QT prolong
Contra - Pregnacy, children, BBW TENDINITIS Peripheal neuropathy
Special - Respitory quinolones, B. FRAG, 2hr before or 4 hrs after cations

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25
Q

Metronidazole

A

MOA- Prodrug actived by anerobic conditions, breaks double stand DNA
Use- +, -, anaerobes, protozoa
AD - GI metalic taste, Disulfram rxn, CNS
Contra - pregnacy, malignacny, seizures, alcohol
Special - DOC for below diaphram Anaerobes

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26
Q

Rifampin

A

Type -
MOA- Inhibit RNA sysnthesis
Use- Tuberculosis, leprosy, menigococcal prophylaxis, cherry bacteria
AD - hepa, red/oragne urine, cyp inducer
Contra -
Special -

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27
Q

Quinine, Quinidine

A

MOA- Prevnets Heme stacking of malaria
Kinetics - Oral TID bc short HL
Use- Reistant P. Falciparium
AD - GI, QT prolong, Cinchonism (ears, eyes , CNS), G6P hematologic effects
Contra - CYP inhibit, P-Glycoprotien
Special -

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28
Q

Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine

A

MOA- blocks heme stacking
Kinetics -
Use- P. Falc, P. malariae, (COMBO WITH PRIMAQUINE for P. Vivax, P. Ovale bc has liver domant)
AD - GI, QT
Contra - psoriasis, ocular disease
Special - Itchign and visuals

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29
Q

Mefloquine

A

MOA- blocks heme stacking
Kinetics - LONG HF
Use- Prophlaxis
AD - GI, QT
Contra - CNS problems BBW ( epli, schitz, depression, anxiety)
Special -CNS and Crossed BBB (VIVID DREAMSSSSS) very very common

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30
Q

Primaquine

A

MOA- unknown
Kinetics -
Use- only hepatic stage malaria ( P. Vivax, P. ovale)
AD - GI QT
Contra - Pregnacy CYP inducer
Special - Hematologic w/ G6P def NEED TO DO TESTING, have dark urine

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31
Q

Artesunate, Artermether, Dihydroartemisnin

A

Type - Artemisinin derivative
MOA- Binds to iron and makes free radicals
Kinetics - rapid absorption and short HL
Use- uncomplicated (dihydroartemisinin), Complicated (Artesunate, Artermether) Falci Malaria
AD - GI, CNS, Overall well tolerated
Contra - first trimester of pregnacy, childer under 5kg
Special -

32
Q

Atovaquone + proguanil

A

Type - Antifolates
MOA- Ato - disrupts mito ETC, Proguanil DHFR inhitor
Kinetics -
Use- treatment and prophylaxis of chloroquine resitance P. falciparum
AD - GI, liver enzyme rise
Contra - PREG
Special -

33
Q

Antibiotics for malaria

A

tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin
MOA - inhibit apucoplase in parasite
kinetics - Slow acting

34
Q

Malaria Treatment

A
  1. Complicated ( only IV) or not complicated ( oral or IV)
  2. Complicated - give artesunate until can be sent home with oral meds
    3.** Uncomplicated **
  3. **Falciparum **
  4. Cholorquine senstive - give cholorquine
  5. Cholorquine resistance - give Ato + prag, artemether + lumefantrine, Quinine + antibiotic, Mefloquine
  6. Mefloquine resitance - give Ato + prag, artemether + lumefantrine, Quinine + antibiotic,
  7. **Non-falciparum **
  8. Give choloroquine - malaria
  9. Add primaquine - P. Ovale, P. Vivax
35
Q

Protezoal Amebiasis Treatment

A

Asystematic - Lodoquinol or paromoycin
Intestial diseas - metronidazole followed by asystematic drug
Extrainstestianl - metronidazole followed by asystematic drug

36
Q

Tinidazole

A

MOA- like metronidazole with everything
Kinetics - QD
Contra - Pregnacy

37
Q

Paromomycin

A

MOA- binds to 30s subunit
Kinetics - only oral
Use- asymptomatic amebiasis (unless with metro) Giadiasis
AD - GI and rash

38
Q

Iodoquinol

A

MOA- Unknown
Kinetics - oral
Use- Amebiasis
AD - GI eat with food,
Special - Enlargement of thyroid

39
Q

Protezoal Giardiasis treatment

A

Metro, Tinidazole, nitazoxanide, paromomycin ( low effic but can use with pregnacy)

40
Q

Nitazoxanide

A

MOA- unknown
Kinetics - well absorbed
Use- Giardiasis
AD - Gi

41
Q

Albendazole

A

MOA- blocks micotubles systhesis and cause glucose block starvation \
Kinetics - poor absorption but okay cause in GI system, meta liver
Use- Nematodes ( GI best), Cycsticerosis ( give with food if used for this), Invasive Cestode
AD - mild liver
Contra - pregnacy and hepatic disease

42
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate

A

MOA- Ach realse to paralyze worm ( common treatment)
Kinetics - poor absorption
Use- Intestial round worms
AD - GI dizzy

43
Q

Ivermectin

A

MOA- Bind Cl- channels and paralyze ( dont not pass BBB)
Use- all round worms execpt hookworms
AD - GI and itching
Contra - PREGNACY
Special - DOC for strongyloidiasis and Oncheoceriasis

44
Q

Praziquantel

A

MOA- Increase Ca permeability to cause paralysis
Use- DOC schistosomiasism, Cycticercosis, other tape worms
AD - GI and itching

45
Q

Zanamivir

A

MOA- Block the Neuraminidase ( the budding of the virus)
Use- Influenza but only 1-2 days for first symptoms bc viral load gets to high
AD - cough, headache
Contra-milk protein, COPD, Asthma
special - inhalation

46
Q

Oseltamivir

A

MOA- Block the Neuraminadas ( the budding of the virus)
Use- Influenza but only 1-2 days for first symptoms bc viral load gets to high
AD - Headace NV
Special - DOC, PO

47
Q

Peramivir

A

MOA- Block the Neuraminadas ( the budding of the virus)
Use- Influenza but only 1-2 days for first symptoms bc viral load gets to high
AD - diarrhea
Special - PO

48
Q

Amantadine

A

MOA- M2 protine inhibitor ( less acid to break down outerlayer and delay RNA release
Use- Influenza
AD - CNS GI
Special - a lot of resistance so barely used

49
Q

Didanosine, Zidovudine, Lamivudine, abacvir, [Tenofovir and Emtricitiabine QD]

-dine, -bine

A

Type - NRIT
MOA- Inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase, prodrug that lacks hydorxyl group to elongation cant occur
Use-HIV R step
AD - MItocondria activity (PLAN) pancreatitis, Lactic Acidosis, Anemia, Neuropathy. DZ more - later less mito effects
Contra-
Specail-

50
Q

Abacavir

A

Drug type - nucleoside
Special - HLA-B hypersensitivity (rash and peaks at day 11)

51
Q

Tenofovir

A

Drug type - nucleoside
Special - Renal and Bone toxic
TAF - lower renal toxic

52
Q

Zidovudine

A

Drug Type - Nucleoside
Special - liopatrophy ( losing fat in arms,legs and face)

53
Q

What drug is used to treat Hep B and HIV

A

lamivudine, tenofovir and emtricitabine
new to watch out discontinue theses meds as it can cause hep b flare if they have

54
Q

Didanosine

A

pancreatitis, hepatoxic
severe side effects

55
Q

Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Etravirine, Rilpivirine

Vir in the middle

A

Type - NNRTIS
MOA - binds directly to RT and cause conformation change of catalytic center
AD - Rash can lead to Steven Johnson, Hepatotoxic
Contra- CYP interaction (not Rilpivirine)
Special - Food matters, Efaz need empty, Etravirine and Rilpivirine need food, NEvirapine depends on diet

56
Q

Efavirenz

A

NNRTI
timing dependent day = stoned night = nightmares
Needs empty stomach
MOST TERATOGENIC

57
Q

Raltegravir, Elvitegravir, Dolutegravir

Tegravir

A

Type - INSTI
MOA - Interfere with viral into host DNA at I in RIP
AD - well tolerated but some GI
Special - Elvitegravir - need booster (CYP inhibitor)

58
Q

Atazanavir, Darumavir, Ritonavir, Nefinavir, Indinavir

Navir

A

Type - PI
MOA - blocks proteolytic of proteins precoursors that are used for production (ONLY A BOOSTER NEVER MONO)
AD - Metabolic problems, liver toxic, protease pouch (human primodial pouch)
Atazanavir least side effects but hyperbilirubinemia
contra - CAD, Diabetes
Special - INHIBIT CYP so can combo with drugs meta by CYP

59
Q

HIV treatment

will ask on test if valid regiment

A

3 drugs - 2 NRTIS +INSTI, NNRTI or PI
new pt usually NRTIS and 3 drug
Biktary - TAF, FTC/ emtricatabine and Bictegravir
Triumeq - Aba, lam, dolutegravir (NEED HYPER TESTING)
ALL NEED TO TEST CD4 T and VIRAL LOAD

60
Q

Maraviroc

A

Type - Fusion
MOA - CCR-5 antagonist
Kinetic - PO
AD - increased infection
Contra - Cyp inducer/ inhibior

61
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

type - fusion
MOA - binds GP41 and blocks fusion and viral entry
Kinetics - SQ
AD - injection site and rash

62
Q

Ibalizumab

A

type - fusion
MOA - agonist of CD4 and inhibt entry
USE - Drug resistance HIV
AD - diarrhea, dizzy , opportunistic infections

63
Q

Rendesivir

A

MOA - Monophosphate - inhibitor of RNA dependent RNA polymerase
AD - liver toxic, infusion rxn

64
Q

Nirmatrelvir + Ritonovir

A

Type - paxloid
MOA - Nir protease inhibitor block replication, Rit booster block cyp
USE - >12 with a high risk of develping severe covid
AD - Diarrhea, Dysgeusia (taste disorder)

65
Q

Molnupiravir

A

MOA - prodrug blocks eloongation
ONLY IF PAX NO AVAILABLE
AD - dizziness, Diarrhea

66
Q

Amphotericin

A

MOA - interact with membranes to form pores and poke holes
USE - DOC for aspergillosis, candida cryptococcus, histoplasma
AD - BAD infusioon rxn, super nephro toxic (needs saline), hypokalemia, hypomagnesia

67
Q

5-FC

A

MOA - Penetrates cell well, to delaminat cystosine to 5-FU
AD hematelogic effects ( anemia, leukopenia, throbocytopenia)

68
Q

-azole

A

MOA - blocks lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase
AD - NV, hepatotoxic
Contra - CYP

69
Q

Fluconazole

A

GI and chapped lips

70
Q

Voriconazole

A

Visual distrub

71
Q

Pasaconazole

A

well tolerated some GI

72
Q

Isaruconazole

A

GI

73
Q

Micafungin, Caspofungin, Anidulafungin

A

MOA - inhibit glucan synthase
AD - some minor histamine release

74
Q

Terbinafine

A

MOA - inhibit squalene-epoxidase
USE - fungal fingernails and toenails
AD - taste distrubacnes, GI, Hepatoxic, Headache

75
Q

Antifungal useage

A

MicroBio (7 decks)

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