PPP-148 OS Flashcards
What are the Cardiac Risks needed to be considered to when using the X26P Taser?
- Duration of delivered electrical charge (Going until battery is flat)
- Dart-to-Dart (DTH) distances (Point blank on the skin)
- The further a CEW probe is away from the heart and the fewer CEW cycles applied, the lower the risk of CEW affecting the heart.
How do you minimise the use of Conducted Electrical Weapon risks when utilising it on a subject?
• Target the back
• Avoid targeting chest
Avoid prolonged and repeated exposures
Physiological/Metabolic Effects:
CEW may produce effects that could increase the risk of sudden death, including changes in:
- Blood chemistry
- Blood pressure
- Respiration
- Heart rate and rhythm
- Adrenaline and stress hormones
Higher Risk Populations:
CEW’s like other force options, have not been laboratory tested on:
- Pregnant Women
- Infirm
- Elderly
- Small Children
- Persons of particularly low body mass
What is electricity?
Flow of electrons through a conductor.
Voltage=Pressure
Ampere=Flow rate. (Current. Taser has Low current)
Nervous system stun vs. Neuro muscular incapacitation (NMI)
Central nervous system:
- Command centre (brain and spinal cord)
- Sensory Nervous system (Nerves that carry information from body to the brain. STUN SYSTEM EFFECT THESE NERVES)
- Motor Nervous System (Nerves that carry commands from the brain to muscles. (NMI systems affect BOTH Sensory and Motor)
Define Exigent:
requiring immediate action or aid; urgent; pressing.
Define exceptional circumstances:
Being an exception’ uncommon, unusual, extraordinary
- Circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to believe that prompt and unusual action is necessary to prevent physical injury to self or others.
E.g someone is 6’9 and he is aggressive and intends to hurt you. USE CEW.
Hazardous Practice of TASER: (IMPORTANT)
i. Accidental discharge of the Taser;
ii. Recklessly pointing or aiming a taser at another officer
iii. Failing to properly store and secure a Taser which results in an accidental discharge
iv. Covering the lens of the Taser CAM or
v. Any action or inaction deemed a Hazardous Practice by a Taser Review Panel.
MODES OF USE: (IMPORTANT)
• DRAW AND COVER
- Occurs when taser is drawn from the holster, armed and pointed at a subject.
• System ‘Sleeps’ after being armed for 20 minutes.
- Helps avoid accidental battery depletion and AD cycle safety switch to reactivate after 20 minutes.
• PROBED DISCHARGED
- Occurs when a loaded Taser is pulled
• DRIVE STUN
- By applying direct contact of the electrodes of the taser to a subject with or without cartridge attached to the device.
- SHOULD NOT be used for pain compliance on a subject unless exceptional circumstances exist.
CRITERIA TO DISCHARGE A TASER: (NEED TO KNOW ABSOLUTELY)
The TASER may be discharged at the discretion of the TASER User after proper assessment of the situation and the environment to:
- Protect human life (Not necessary when it is self harm e.g gun to head or pills. However if they threaten to kill themselves with anything else you can use Taser) - Protect yourself or others where violent confrontation or violent resistance is occurring or imminent; (e.g They're coming at you with intent to physically assault you) - Protect an officer in danger of being overpowered or to protect themselves of being overpowered or to protect themselves or another person from the risk of actual bodily harm - Protection from animals.
TASER USE RESTRICTIONS:
A taser should not be used in any mode:
- For investigative purposes
- Passive non-compliance
- When there’s pre existing injuries
- When the subject is holding a firearm
- Against a mental health patient to get them to comply.
UNLESS EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES:
- Against occupant of a vehicle of operator of machinery - Against a subject that is fleeing.
Rule behind using
MULTIPLE CYCLES:
Notwithstanding this, after THREE cycles police MUST reconsider the effectiveness of the Taser device as the most appropriate tactical options. Alternative tactical options to resolve the situation.
Reporting of taser incidents
- Draw & Cover = COPS event
- Probes discharged = COPS event’ SITREP
- Drive Stun = COPS EVENT; SITREP
DEATH IN CUSTODY
NSWPF critical guidelines should be adhered to
Preserve life
Saftey of self and others
Contact duty manager and ask for assistance
Establish crime scene
Preserve evidence
Set up perimeters.
10 FATAL ERRORS (WILL BE IN EXAMS)
They are:
- A lack of knowledge, apathy and complacency
- Poor or no search (Placed in cell and may still have a weapon)
- Failure to handcuff
- Failure to watch hands
- Relaxing too soon
- Making false assumptions
- Tombstone Courage
- Sleepy or asleep on the job
FIREARMS JUSTIFICATION: (IMPORTANT)
You are only justified in discharging your firearm when there is an immediate risk to your life, or the life of someone else, or there is an immediate risk of serious injury to you or someone else and there is no other way of preventing the risk.
HANDCUFF JUSTIFICATION: (IMPORTANT)
The decision to handcuff rests with you. Officer safety is paramount. Generally, you are justified in handcuffing prisoners only when they have tried to escape, or to prevent escape or injury to themselves or others.
DEFENSIVE SPRAY JUSTIFICATION
Use defensive sprays only for:
• protection of human life
• a less lethal option for controlling people, where
violent resistance or confrontation occurs (or is likely
to occur)
• protection against animals
BATONS JUSTIFICATION
The decision to use your baton rests with you. You may use your baton if in danger of being overpowered or to protect yourself or others from injury. The force used must always be reasonable.
CONDUCTED ELECTRICAL WEAPON JUSTIFICATION
When considering the discharge of a CEW, officers should consider all tactical options available to them in the Tactical Options Model. Before removing the CEW from the holster, officers will assess if the deployment of the CEW is the best option for the prevailing situation having regard to the Criteria to Discharge a Taser to:
• protect human life,
• protect yourself or others where violent confrontation
or violent resistance is occurring or imminent,
• protect an officer/s in danger of being overpowered or
to protect themselves or another person from the risk
of actual bodily harm, or
• Protection from animals
The Ultimate goal of any confrontational situation
is control.
Officer/Subject Factors
Age Gender Size Fitness Skill Level Multiple Officers/Subjects
Special Circumstances
- Proximity to a Weapon
- Special Knowledge
- Injury or Exhaustion
- Ground Position
- Disability
- Imminent Danger
- Drugs/Alcohol
- Mental State
Control Theory
The goal is control of the situation.
You need advantage for control.
Evaluate the propensity for control -v- injury (reasonable force).
Ability to disengage, de-escalate the situation or respond to Escalation is imperative
The Tactical Options Model (IMPORTANT)
- Communication
- Officer Presence
- Baton
- Active Armed Offender Tactics
- Tactical disengagement
- weaponless Control
- Conducted Electrical Weapon
- Firearm
- Contain & Negotiate
- OC Spray
GLOCK Definition:
The Glock Pistol is a mechanically locked, recoil operated self-loading pistol, with inbuilt trigger, firing pin and drop safety mechanisms.
STOPPAGE Definition:
A stoppage is anything that prevents the pistol from firing, when the user intends that it should fire.
GLOCK Safety Features:
- Trigger Safety;
- Firing pin safety; and
- Drop safety.
Safe Direction DEFINITION: (IMPORTANT)
A safe direction is a direction in which any unintentionally fired shot, would be safely stopped and contained with no human injury, and at most, only minimal property damage.
General Safety Principles: (IMPORTANT NEED TO KNOW)
- Treat all firearms as if they are loaded;
- Be conscious of where the muzzle of your firearm is pointed at all times; (Never allow the muzzle of your firearm to cover another human being unless it is required by your duties as a police officer);
- Keep your finger off the trigger and on the receiver until your sights are on the target and you have decided to fire; and
- Be sure of your target. (Know what it is, what is in line with it and what is behind it. Never fire at anything you have not positively identified).
Degrees of Weapon Readiness:
Loaded: Magazine containing rounds fitted, round in chamber, pistol can be fired.
Unloaded: Magazine not fitted, no round in chamber, pistol cannot be fired.
Five Major Parts of the GLOCK:
- Slide
- Barrel
- Recoil Spring Assembly
- Receiver
- Magazine
Functioning Sequence: (IMPORTANT)
- Firing - Of the chambered round.
- Unlocking - of the slide
- Extracting - fired case from the chamber
- Ejecting - The fired case from the pistol
- FEEDING - A round from the magazine into the chamber.
- Locking into battery - Round chambered, slide locked fully forward - ready to fire.
- Locking Open (Last shot). - Magazine follower engages slide stop lever and locks slide open.
What is the Standard Operational Ammunition? (Important)
Winchester .40 S&W Calibre 165 grain SXT controlled expansion round
MUZZLE VELOCITY OF GLOCK:
320m/s
The Three function checks after Glock reassembly are:
Trigger – Trigger reset – Slide Lock
The following are situations where a Taser should not be used unless exceptional circumstances exist.
- Against a subject who is handcuffed
- Against a female(s) suspected on reasonable grounds of being pregnant
- On an elderly or disabled subject(s)
- On a child or subject(s) of particularly small body mass
- Against the occupant(s) of a vehicle or the operator of machinery where there is a danger of the vehicle or machinery becoming out of control and posing a risk to the occupant(s) and/or bystander(s)
- Against a subject who is fleeing. Fleeing should not be the sole justification for using a Taser against a subject. Officers should consider the subject’s threat level to themselves or others and the risk of injury to the subject before deciding to use a Taser
- Drive Stun for pain compliance using the Taser in a prolonged fashion by holding the trigger down for a period greater than five (5) seconds
Preferred Target areas for Taser:
Primary Target Area: Aim for the back of the target. (Avoid targeting to the head).
Secondary Target area: Aim for lower torso front. (Abs down, shoulders down)
Taser Sparking Test:
Should be down after taking it from storage before using for operational use before a shift.
- Safe Direction.
- Ensure the taser cartridge is removed from the taser.
- Aim the taser.
- Depress the trigger.
Hot Handover Procedures:
Tasers SHOULD NOT be handed to other officers in the field unless EXCEPTIONAL circumstances exist.
Taser Safety Considerations:
i. treat all Tasers as if they are armed and ready to discharge
ii. keep hands away from the front of the Taser always, particularly when loading and unloading cartridges
iii. ensure the safety switch is engaged and the Taser is in safe mode:
a. before loading or removing a cartridge from the Taser and
b. whenever the Taser is not intended for immediate use
c. before handing it to another officer
d. upon receiving it from another officer
Accordingly, officers should:
i. where practicable, load and unload Taser cartridges in a designated Taser loading/unloading room
ii. never aim the Taser at the eyes or face of another person
iii. never throw a Taser to someone else or attempt to catch a Taser
iv. never point a Taser at any person, or in any direction where a person is likely to be, unless it is actually intended to be used in accordance with your duties and these SOPs
