PPP-148 OS Flashcards
What are the Cardiac Risks needed to be considered to when using the X26P Taser?
- Duration of delivered electrical charge (Going until battery is flat)
- Dart-to-Dart (DTH) distances (Point blank on the skin)
- The further a CEW probe is away from the heart and the fewer CEW cycles applied, the lower the risk of CEW affecting the heart.
How do you minimise the use of Conducted Electrical Weapon risks when utilising it on a subject?
• Target the back
• Avoid targeting chest
Avoid prolonged and repeated exposures
Physiological/Metabolic Effects:
CEW may produce effects that could increase the risk of sudden death, including changes in:
- Blood chemistry
- Blood pressure
- Respiration
- Heart rate and rhythm
- Adrenaline and stress hormones
Higher Risk Populations:
CEW’s like other force options, have not been laboratory tested on:
- Pregnant Women
- Infirm
- Elderly
- Small Children
- Persons of particularly low body mass
What is electricity?
Flow of electrons through a conductor.
Voltage=Pressure
Ampere=Flow rate. (Current. Taser has Low current)
Nervous system stun vs. Neuro muscular incapacitation (NMI)
Central nervous system:
- Command centre (brain and spinal cord)
- Sensory Nervous system (Nerves that carry information from body to the brain. STUN SYSTEM EFFECT THESE NERVES)
- Motor Nervous System (Nerves that carry commands from the brain to muscles. (NMI systems affect BOTH Sensory and Motor)
Define Exigent:
requiring immediate action or aid; urgent; pressing.
Define exceptional circumstances:
Being an exception’ uncommon, unusual, extraordinary
- Circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to believe that prompt and unusual action is necessary to prevent physical injury to self or others.
E.g someone is 6’9 and he is aggressive and intends to hurt you. USE CEW.
Hazardous Practice of TASER: (IMPORTANT)
i. Accidental discharge of the Taser;
ii. Recklessly pointing or aiming a taser at another officer
iii. Failing to properly store and secure a Taser which results in an accidental discharge
iv. Covering the lens of the Taser CAM or
v. Any action or inaction deemed a Hazardous Practice by a Taser Review Panel.
MODES OF USE: (IMPORTANT)
• DRAW AND COVER
- Occurs when taser is drawn from the holster, armed and pointed at a subject.
• System ‘Sleeps’ after being armed for 20 minutes.
- Helps avoid accidental battery depletion and AD cycle safety switch to reactivate after 20 minutes.
• PROBED DISCHARGED
- Occurs when a loaded Taser is pulled
• DRIVE STUN
- By applying direct contact of the electrodes of the taser to a subject with or without cartridge attached to the device.
- SHOULD NOT be used for pain compliance on a subject unless exceptional circumstances exist.
CRITERIA TO DISCHARGE A TASER: (NEED TO KNOW ABSOLUTELY)
The TASER may be discharged at the discretion of the TASER User after proper assessment of the situation and the environment to:
- Protect human life (Not necessary when it is self harm e.g gun to head or pills. However if they threaten to kill themselves with anything else you can use Taser) - Protect yourself or others where violent confrontation or violent resistance is occurring or imminent; (e.g They're coming at you with intent to physically assault you) - Protect an officer in danger of being overpowered or to protect themselves of being overpowered or to protect themselves or another person from the risk of actual bodily harm - Protection from animals.
TASER USE RESTRICTIONS:
A taser should not be used in any mode:
- For investigative purposes
- Passive non-compliance
- When there’s pre existing injuries
- When the subject is holding a firearm
- Against a mental health patient to get them to comply.
UNLESS EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES:
- Against occupant of a vehicle of operator of machinery - Against a subject that is fleeing.
Rule behind using
MULTIPLE CYCLES:
Notwithstanding this, after THREE cycles police MUST reconsider the effectiveness of the Taser device as the most appropriate tactical options. Alternative tactical options to resolve the situation.
Reporting of taser incidents
- Draw & Cover = COPS event
- Probes discharged = COPS event’ SITREP
- Drive Stun = COPS EVENT; SITREP
DEATH IN CUSTODY
NSWPF critical guidelines should be adhered to
Preserve life
Saftey of self and others
Contact duty manager and ask for assistance
Establish crime scene
Preserve evidence
Set up perimeters.
10 FATAL ERRORS (WILL BE IN EXAMS)
They are:
- A lack of knowledge, apathy and complacency
- Poor or no search (Placed in cell and may still have a weapon)
- Failure to handcuff
- Failure to watch hands
- Relaxing too soon
- Making false assumptions
- Tombstone Courage
- Sleepy or asleep on the job
FIREARMS JUSTIFICATION: (IMPORTANT)
You are only justified in discharging your firearm when there is an immediate risk to your life, or the life of someone else, or there is an immediate risk of serious injury to you or someone else and there is no other way of preventing the risk.
HANDCUFF JUSTIFICATION: (IMPORTANT)
The decision to handcuff rests with you. Officer safety is paramount. Generally, you are justified in handcuffing prisoners only when they have tried to escape, or to prevent escape or injury to themselves or others.
DEFENSIVE SPRAY JUSTIFICATION
Use defensive sprays only for:
• protection of human life
• a less lethal option for controlling people, where
violent resistance or confrontation occurs (or is likely
to occur)
• protection against animals
BATONS JUSTIFICATION
The decision to use your baton rests with you. You may use your baton if in danger of being overpowered or to protect yourself or others from injury. The force used must always be reasonable.
CONDUCTED ELECTRICAL WEAPON JUSTIFICATION
When considering the discharge of a CEW, officers should consider all tactical options available to them in the Tactical Options Model. Before removing the CEW from the holster, officers will assess if the deployment of the CEW is the best option for the prevailing situation having regard to the Criteria to Discharge a Taser to:
• protect human life,
• protect yourself or others where violent confrontation
or violent resistance is occurring or imminent,
• protect an officer/s in danger of being overpowered or
to protect themselves or another person from the risk
of actual bodily harm, or
• Protection from animals
The Ultimate goal of any confrontational situation
is control.
Officer/Subject Factors
Age Gender Size Fitness Skill Level Multiple Officers/Subjects
Special Circumstances
- Proximity to a Weapon
- Special Knowledge
- Injury or Exhaustion
- Ground Position
- Disability
- Imminent Danger
- Drugs/Alcohol
- Mental State