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Aviation > PPL > Flashcards

PPL Flashcards

1
Q

Night

A

Time between end of evening civil twilight and beginning of morning civil twilight as published in the air almanac

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2
Q

indicated airspeed (IAS)

A

-Measured speed of the plane as it moves through the air
-what it says on the airspeed indicator

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3
Q

Ground speed (GS)

A
  • speed at which the plane is actually moving over the ground
  • true airspeed adjusted for wind
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4
Q

True airspeed (TAS)

A

-CAS corrected for altitude and nonstandard temperature

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5
Q

Calibrated airspeed (CAS)

A

-takes IAS and then corrects for known instrumentation or position errors

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6
Q

Class A

A

-Instrument rating
-IFR flight plan and clearance

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7
Q

Class B

A

-3SM
-clear of clouds
- PPL, student pilot logbook endorsement
-ATC clearance
-mode c transponder/ADS-B

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8
Q

Class C

A

-3SM
-500 below, 1,000 above, 2,000 horizontal
-student pilot
-establish radio comm, mode c/ADS-B
-inner circle radius 5nm, outer circle 10nm

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9
Q

Class D

A

-3SM
-500 below, 1000 above, 2000 horizontal
-student pilot
-establish radio comms

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10
Q

Hypoxia

A

Tissues in the body do not receive enough oxygen

Symptoms:
Headache, decreased reaction time, impaired judgement, euphoria, visual impairment, drowsiness, light headed, dizziness, numbness, tingling fingers/toes

-hypoxic, hypemic, stagnant, histotoxic

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11
Q

Hypoxic hypoxia

A

Not enough oxygen available for the body as a whole
Ex: high altitude

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12
Q

Hypemic hypoxia

A

Your blood is not able to carry sufficient amount of oxygen to you cells.
-is a result of a deficiency in the blood, anemia
-common form is carbon monoxide poisoning
-loss of blood from blood donation

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13
Q

Stagnant hypoxia

A

-oxygen deficiency due to poor circulation of the blood
-shock, heart failing to pump effectively, constricted artery from pulling Gs, cold temps

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14
Q

Histotoxic hypoxia

A

Inability of the cells to effectively use oxygen
-cell is unable to use the oxygen
-caused by alcohol and drugs

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15
Q

Induced drag

A

By product of lift

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16
Q

Parasite drag

A

-form(profile)
-skin friction
-interference

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17
Q

Steady green on ground

A

Cleared for takeoff

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18
Q

Steady green in flight

A

Cleared to land

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19
Q

Flashing green on ground

A

Cleared to taxi

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20
Q

Flashing green in flight

A

Return for landing

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21
Q

Steady red on ground

A

Stop

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22
Q

Steady red in flight

A

Give way to other aircraft and continue circling

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23
Q

Flashing red on ground

A

Taxi clear of landing area (runway) in use

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24
Q

Flashing red in flight

A

Airport unsafe. Do not land

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25
Q

Flashing white on ground

A

Return to starting point on airport

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26
Q

Alternating green and red on ground and in flight

A

Exercise extreme caution

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27
Q

VFR transponder code

A

1200

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28
Q

Hijacking transponder code

A

7500

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29
Q

Communication failure transponder code

A

7600

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30
Q

Emergency transponder code

A

7700

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31
Q

Vx

A

Best angle of climb speed
Greatest altitude gain in the shortest distance
Use this to clear obstacles

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32
Q

Vy

A

Best rate of climb speed
Most gain in altitude in the least amount of time
Use during normal take off

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33
Q

Special Use Airspace

A

Alert area
Military use airspace
Warning area
Restricted
Prohibited
Controlled firing
National security areas

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34
Q

Stages of Thunderstorm

A

Developing
Mature
Dissipating

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35
Q

Types of Fogs

A

Radiation
Advection
Upslope
Precipitation
Steam
Ice

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36
Q

Clear Ice

A

Large water drops hit the surface and freezes as a solid sheet.

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37
Q

Rime ice

A

Smaller drops that freezes quickly before spreading over the surface. It traps air which gives white appearance
-irregular shape disrupts airflow, reduces lift, increase drag

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38
Q

Forward CG

A

-More stable bc CG is further from the center of pressure
-Less fuel efficient (more drag and greater AOA requires to maintain level)
-Higher stall speed due to increased wing loading
-Good stall recovery

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39
Q

Aft CG

A

-Less stable because CG is closer to center of pressure, bad stall recovery
-More fuel efficient, higher cruise speed (less drag)
-Lower stall speed because less wing loading

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40
Q

blocked pitot tube, unblocked drain hole

A

Airspeed Indicator would read 0

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41
Q

Blocked pitot, blocked drain hole

A

-ASI will show no change
-if static is unblocked then ASI will behave like altimeter, climb-increase airspeed, descend-decrease airspeed

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42
Q

Blocked static port, unblocked pitot tube

A

-ASI will work but not accurately
-climb, decrease in atmos press, decrease airspeed

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43
Q

Static port is blocked, what does VSI show?

A

VSI shows 0, no changes to static air

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44
Q

METAR updated when?

A

Updated every hour

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45
Q

How often are TAFs issued?

A

Issued every 6 hours, 4 daily

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46
Q

What is TSRA on TAF?

A

Thunderstorm with rain

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47
Q

What is VCSH on TAF?

A

Showers in the vicinity

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48
Q

What is TRSA?

A

Terminal radar service areas. Provide radar and traffic services

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49
Q

What does the star mean on airport info?

A

Hollow star means there is a rotating beacon
The other star next to the C means it’s part time

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50
Q

What does C and CT mean on airport info?

A

C means CTAF
CT is control tower

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51
Q

What does L and *L mean on airport info?

A

L-Lighting in operation from sunset to sunrise
*L- Lighting limitations exist

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52
Q

What is MEF?

A

Maximum elevation figure

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53
Q

Clouds on METAR and TAF AGL or MSL?

A

AGL

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54
Q

What do the tick marks mean around airport symbol?

A

Fuel is available

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55
Q

What is a NDB?

A

-Non directional radar beacon is a type of navaid
-good reception greater distances and low altitude

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56
Q

What is circle with R symbol on sectional?

A

Private airports
-cant land unless it’s an emergency

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57
Q

Blue lines on sectional?
Black line perpendicular to blue lines?

A

-Streams of water
-black lines are dams

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58
Q

Small black square on sectional?

A

-substation, fort, cemetery

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59
Q

Small black dot with number on sectional?

A

Elevation points

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60
Q

What are HS on airport diagram?

A

Hot spots
-locations with high potential risk of collisions

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61
Q

What is EMAS on airport diagram?

A

Engineered materials arresting system
-helps stop aircraft that overruns the runway

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62
Q

Can you land on displaced threshold?

A

-No, you can only take off. Not land.
-black lines ovals on AFD

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63
Q

What is PCN on airport diagram?

A

Pavement classification number

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64
Q

Vno

A

Maximum structural cruising speed

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65
Q

How many gallons at the bottom of the fuel indicator tab?

A

17 gallons

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66
Q

When should the electric fuel pump be used?

A

-takeoffs and landings
-when switching fuel tanks
-engine fuel pump fails

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67
Q

What do the annunciator lights indicate?

A

-problems with the vacuum, oil pressure, alternator

68
Q

What is UA and UUA PIREP?

A

UA is routine
UUA is urgent

69
Q

AIRMET, SIGMET, Convective SIGMET

A

AIRMET is for VFR pilots of light aircraft to alert them of hazardous conditions

SIGMET is for all aircraft types to alert

Convective SIGMET relates to thunderstorms

70
Q

How often are G-AIRMETs updated?

A

Every 3 hours

71
Q

What info are on AIRMETs?

A

-IFR conditions
-Widespread mountain obscuration
-moderate icing
-Freezing lvls
-Turbulence
-low level wind shear

72
Q

What is on a SIGMETs?

A

-severe turbulence
-severe icing
-widespread dust/sandstorms
-volcanic ash

73
Q

When are SIGMETs scheduled and valid for how long?

A

Issued when there is severe weather and valid for 4 hours

74
Q

What is magenta airport symbol with U inside?

A

Unverified

75
Q

What are the 4 left turning tendencies?

A

-torque
-p factor
-spiraling slipstream
-gyroscopic precession

76
Q

What precautions do you need to take if you go scuba diving?

A

-wait 12 hrs if non controlled ascent was not required
-24 hours or more if a controlled ascent was required
*24 hours after any scuba diving

77
Q

When does Class E start?

A

1200 AGL

78
Q

Shaded Magenta on sectional is what?

A

Class E starts at 700 AGL

79
Q

What is dashed magenta lines on sectional chart?

A

Class E starts at the surface

80
Q

What do the four digits indicate on MTR?

A

The route is below 1500 AGL

81
Q

What do the three numbers indicate on MTR?

A

One or more segment is above 1,500 AGL

82
Q

What are the stages of spin?

A

Incipient, fully developed, recovery

83
Q

What can you expect if you use the alternate static port?

A

The readings will be higher because air pressure inside is lower than outside due to Venturi effect

84
Q

When do you have to notify the NTSB?

A

830.5 Immediate Notification

Whenever there is an accident or:
-flight control system malfunction
-inability of flight crew member to perform their duties
-failure structural components of a turbine engine
-inflight fire
-aircraft collision in flight
-damage to property estimated to exceed $25,000

85
Q

What is pilotage?

A

Navigation by reference to landmarks or checkpoints.

86
Q

What is NTSB?

A

National transportation safety board
Investigate accidents and issue safety recommendations

87
Q

What are isobars?

A

Lines that connect areas of equal pressure on a prognostic chart

88
Q

What is dewpoint?

A

Temperature at which air can hold no more water

89
Q

What is a front?

A

A front is the boundary between two different air masses

90
Q

Characteristics of cold front

A

Cold, dense stable air replaces warm, lighter unstable air. As cold front approaches it forces the warmer air up
- after cold front passes, cooler temp, good visibility, rising pressure

91
Q

Electrical fire, what do you do?

A

Turn MASTER off, cabin vents open, Land

92
Q

Engine fire, what do you do?

A

Fuel selector off, close throttle, mixture idle cut off, electric fuel pump off, master off if radio not required

93
Q

Engine fire before start?

A

Mixture idle cut off, open throttle, crank the engine

94
Q

What is RCO on sectional?

A

Remote communication outlet

95
Q

How does the trim wheel move the elevator trim?

A

If move the wheel forward/nose down, the elevator trim will move up

If move the trim wheel back/nose up, the elevator trim will move down

96
Q

How does airplane roll?

A

The ailerons control roll about the longitudinal axis.
The wing with ailerons up, decrease lift, increase drag

97
Q

How does elevator work?

A

Moving elevator up increases downward force on the tail/ pitches the nose up

98
Q

What is the traffic pattern height?

A

1,000 ft above field elevation

99
Q

What does the B stand for on chart supplement?

A

It has a rotating beacon.

100
Q

What is MIRL on chart supplement?

A

Medium intensity runway lights

101
Q

What does OV mean on PIREP?

A

Location in relation to VOR

102
Q

What is TM on PIREP?

A

Time in UTC

103
Q

What is TP on PIREP?

A

Aircraft type

104
Q

What is SK on PIREP?

A

Sky cover, cloud height and coverage

105
Q

What is TA on PIREP?

A

Temperature in Celsius

106
Q

What is TB on PIREP?

A

Turbulence

107
Q

What are rods and cones?

A

They are photoreceptors in your eyes.
Rods help you see at night
Cones help you see color

108
Q

Downsloping runway illusion?

A

Creates illusion that the aircraft is closer to the ground

109
Q

Upsloping runway illusion?

A

Creates illusion that the aircraft is higher

110
Q

What preflight action/information should the pilot do/know?

A

NOTAMs
Weather
Known ATC delays
Runway lengths
Alternate airports
Fuel
Takeoff and landing distances

111
Q

Temp during cold front?

A

Warm, suddenly cooler, continued cooler

112
Q

Precipitation during cold front?

A

Showers, heavy showers, slowly decreasing showers

113
Q

Visibility during cold front?

A

Fair in haze, poor, good

114
Q

Pressure during cold front?

A

Falling, bottoms out then rises rapidly, rising

115
Q

Lines that connect points of equal magnetic variation on sectional?

A

Isogonic lines

116
Q

What will happen when you land on grass?

A

Longer landing roll out because you want to put less pressure on the nose wheel

117
Q

What is a side slip?

A

A crosswind landing technique used to get the longitudinal axis of the plane lined up with runway

118
Q

What is the purpose of a displaced threshold?

A

To keep you above an obstacle on final

119
Q

When is parasitic and induced drag the same?

A

Best glide speed

120
Q

What is TPA on chart supplement?

A

Traffic pattern altitude

121
Q

What is an accident?

A

An occurrence in which any person on board suffers death or serious injury or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage.

122
Q

What is an incident?

A

An occurrence other than an accident which effects the safety of operations

123
Q

When do you have to file a report to NTSB?

A

Within 10 days after an accident.

A report on an incident shall be filed only as requested.

124
Q

How many satellites must be in view to determine a three dimensional fix (longitude, latitude and altitude)?

A

Four satellites

125
Q

Two concepts that apply to gyroscopes?

A

Rigidity in space- spinning gyroscope stays in place as the plane moves around it

Precession-tilting or turning of a gyro in response to pressure

126
Q

How are the gyroscopic instruments powered?

A

Turn indicator electronically
Attitude and heading vacuum powered

127
Q

What is the turn index on the turn coordinator?

A

3 degrees per second standard rate turn. 2 minutes to complete 360

128
Q

What is a slip and skid?

A

Slip- ball and wing in same direction
Skid- ball and wing opposite direction

Rate of turn and angle of bank not coordinated

129
Q

What does the attitude indicator tell you?

A

Angle of bank and pitch/attitude info

130
Q

How do you calculate pressure altitude?

A

[ (29.92-current altimeter) x 1000 ] + Field Elevation

131
Q

What is pressure altitude?

A

Altitude above standard datum plane (29.92 inches of mg).

132
Q

What are the steps in the decision making process?

A

Detect change has occurred
Estimate the need to react to change
Choose desirable outcome
Identify actions
Do the necessary actions
Evaluate the effect of the action

133
Q

VFR weather minimums for Class E

A

Less than 10kMSL - 3SM, BCC
At or above 10kMSL - 5SM, 1,1,1SM horizontal

134
Q

Class G 1,200ft or less above the surface

A

Day - 1SM, CC
Night - 3SM, BCC

135
Q

Class G more than 1,200ft above surface but less than 10,000 MSL

A

Day - 1SM, BCC
Night -3SM, BCC

136
Q

Class G more than 1200ft above surface and at or above 10,000 ft MSL

A

5SM, 1,1,1SM horizontal

137
Q

Is class E controlled or uncontrolled airspace?

A

Class E is controlled
Class G is uncontrolled

138
Q

What does shaded blue mean on sectional?

A

Class E starts at 14,500

139
Q

What is density altitude?

A

Pressure altitude adjusted for nonstandard temp.

It is a theoretical value used to determine airplane performance

140
Q

What happens to the altimeter if you fly from high to low pressure?

A

High to low, look out below.
Your true altitude will be lower than indicated.

141
Q

Which instrument gives you immediate and direct indication of the planes pitch and bank attitude?

A

Attitude indicator

142
Q

What is REIL on chart supplement?

A

Runway end identifier lights

143
Q

What is GA 3.0?

A

Glide angle 3.0 degrees

144
Q

What is PAPI?

A

Precision approach path indicator

145
Q

What is Vso

A

Stall speed in landing configuration

146
Q

What is Vs1?

A

Stall speed in regular configuration

147
Q

What is airmet T, S, Z?

A

T- turbulence
S- IFR, mountain obscurations
Z- icing conditions

148
Q

Where can you find Airworthiness Directives?

A

FAA Dynamic Regulatory System

149
Q

Narrow runway illusion

A

Makes you feel higher than you actually are leading to a lower approach

150
Q

When does registration expire?

A

Every 7 years

151
Q

8 types of spatial disorientation

A

ICEFLAGS
Inversion
Coriolis
Elevator
False Horizon
Leans
Autokinesis
Graveyard spiral
Somatogravic

152
Q

Three main layers of atmosphere

A

Troposphere
Tropopause
Stratosphere

153
Q

VFR cruising altitude

A

91.159

3,000 AGL- 18,000MSL

0-179 odd+500
180-359 even+500

154
Q

What is useful load?

A

Weight of crew, cargo, passengers, baggage, and usable fuel

155
Q

What is payload

A

Weight of passengers, cargo, and baggage

156
Q

What is true altitude?

A

Altitude above sea level

157
Q

What is absolute altitude

A

Altitude above the terrain

158
Q

How to calculate density altitude?

A

=Pressure altitude + (120(OAT-15C))

159
Q

What color are taxi way lights

A

Blue

160
Q

What color are airport beacons?

A

White and green - civilian
White and yellow - water airport
White yellow green - heliport
White white green - military

161
Q

Magnetic compass errors

A

UNOS turning
ANDS dips

162
Q

What happens when you put altimeter setting higher?

A

Altitude will go up

163
Q

What is CIG on METAR?

A

Cloud ceiling

164
Q

Are winds magnetic or true?

A

ATIS magnetic
METAR, TAF true north

165
Q

What two factors affect stall speed?

A

Weight and CG

Aviation (2 decks)

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