IR Flashcards
What are the recency requirements for IFR flight?
Intercepted and track courses thru the use of navigation system, performed holding procedures, and flown at least 6 instrument approaches within preceding 6 months
What is kinesthetic sense?
Describe an awareness of position obtained from nerves in your skin, joints, and muscles
What is spatial disorientation?
Conflict between signals relayed by your central vision and info provided by your peripheral vision
Supplemental oxygen at night
FAA advises oxygen use at 5,000MSL when flying at night
What altimeter setting do you use at 18,000 MSL and above?
29.92
How do you calculate approx bank for a standard rate turn?
Angle of bank = [True Airspeed in knots / 10] + 5
What are the primary instruments for straight and level flight?
Pitch - altimeter
Power - airspeed indicator
Bank- heading indicator
Turning errors, magnetic compass?
UNOS
Undershoot North, Overshoot South
Southerly Heading - compass leads, roll out late
Northerly Heading - compass lags, roll out early
There are no compass turning errors during turns from easterly or westerly headings
Accelerate/Decelerate Errors, magnetic compass
-Greatest when going East/West
-ANDS
When you accelerate, points north
When you decelerate, points south
What is magnetic variation?
Difference between true and magnetic north
What is magnetic deviation?
Compass may be affected by metals and electrical fields in the airplane
Errors in both pitch and bank indication on an attitude indicator are usually at a maximum as an aircraft rolls out of a?
180 turn
What is MEA?
Minimum enroute altitude
Generally guarantees obstruction clearance and navigation signal coverage
What is MAA?
Maximum authorized altitude
Keeps you from receiving more than one VOR station at a time
What is MOCA?
Minimum obstacle clearance altitude
Meets obstacle clearance requirements for entire route and acceptable navigational signal within 25 SM, 22 NM of a VOR
Distress vs Urgency
Distress - serious imminent danger and require immediate assistance ex. Fire, mechanical failure, structural damage
Urgency - not immediately dangerous but requires prompt assistance ex. Low fuel, poor weather
Body sense orientation by which three systems?
Visual system
Motion sensing (vestibular)
Position sensing (postural)
What are pitch controls for level flight?
Primary altimeter
Secondary Airspeed indicator, VSI and Attitude indicator
What are the primary and secondary instruments for bank control during level flight?
Primary heading indicator
Secondary turn coordinator, attitude
Instruments required for IFR flights?
GRABCARD
Generator or alternator
Radio
Attitude indicator
Ball (inclinometer)
Clock
Altimeter
Rate of turn (turn coordinator)
Directional Gyro
Mandatory IFR Reports
MARVELOUS VFR C 500
Missed approach
Airspeed change more than 10kts or 5%
Reaching a holding fix
VFR on top altitude change
ETA change more than 3 minutes
Leaving a holding fix
Outer market inbound
Unforecast weather
Safety of flight issues
Vacating an altitude
Final approach fix inbound
Radio or NAV failures
Compulsory reporting points
500 fpm climb or decent unable
IFR clearance Accronym
CRAFT
Clearance limit
Route
Altitude
Frequency
Transponder code
Lost comms IFR
For Route
Assigned
Vectored
Expected
Filed
For altitude
Minimum
Expected
Assigned
Three fundamental skills in attitude instrument flying
Cross check
Instrument interpretation
Aircraft control
What are fuel requirements for IFR flight?
Enough fuel to fly to the first airport, the alternate airport and 45 min at normal cruising speed
When do you need to carry enough fuel to fly to an alternate airport?
1-2-3 rule
1hr before, 2,000 ft ceilings, 3SM visibility
What is MCA?
Minimum crossing altitude
Start climb before fix because of higher terrain
Depicted as a flag with an X
What is MRA?
Minimum reception altitude
Depicted as flag with R
Altitude in order to identify an intersection/applies only to the reception of an off airway signal
What is MAA?
Maximum authorized altitude
-limit VOR signal interference
-keep you below military aircraft
-keep you below high density approach corridors
What is OROCA?
Off route obstruction clearance altitude
-used if you fly direct routings off designated airway
-depicted in brown
What is TAF AMD and TAF COR?
Amended and corrected
What is NSW on TAF
No significant weather
How to read this winds aloft
34000
730649
Winds 230 @ 106kts -49C
What is 9900 on winds aloft?
Light and variable winds less than 5 kts
What makes GPS IFR certified?
-Designed for aircraft use
-Permanently mounted in the aircraft
-needs to be installed by qualified technician
-database needs to be updated
What is RAIM?
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
- verifies the integrity or usability of the signals from the GPS satellites
- needs 5 satellites or 4 satellites and a barometric altimeter to ensure the signals are reliable (fault detection)
What is RNP?
Requires navigation performance
-statement of accuracy of the area navigation system
-ex.RNP-0.3 means aircraft can remain 0.3 NM of its intended position 95% of the time
What is WAAS?
Wide are augmentation system
-enhances the capabilities of GPS
When is no procedure turn required?
91.175
SHARPTT
Straight in
Hold in lieu
Arc (DME)
Radar vector
(No) PT depicted
Time approach
Teardrop course reversal
What are the speed limits for holding pattern?
A) 6,000
B) 6,000-14,000
C) >14,000
A) 200kts
B) 230kts
C) 265kts
What liquid is inside magnetic compass?
Kerosene
What is maximum acceptable descent rate during final stages of a non precision approach?
1000 fpm
What is standard turns in holding pattern?
Right turns
When checking sensitivity of VOR, what number of degrees in course change should the CDI show from center to last dot?
10-12
Which substitution is permitted when an ILS component is inoperative?
A compass locator or precision radar may be substituted for the ILS outer or middle marker.
A VOR test facility does what?
Transmits a 360 degree radial in all directions.
When do you need to file an alternate airport?
3-2-1 rule
If weather at destination isn’t at least 3SM, 2000’ AGL ceilings from 1hr before to 1hr after ETA, you need to file an alternate.
What do you need to fly LPV (localizer performance with vertical guidance) approach?
GPS with WAAS
What is the rule when you fly over mountainous terrain in IFR off airway route?
Have to be 2,000 ft above highest obstacle within 4NM of course
If you are within 1000ft of assigned altitude and ATC hasn’t issued any climb or descent restrictions, what should you climb or descend at?
500-1500 fpm
What is MRA?
Minimum reception altitude
MOAs are established to
Separate certain military activities from IFR traffic
How do you calculate FPM?
Feet per minute=(GS x feet per NM)/60
What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate?
3c per 1000 ft
The method of controlling an aircraft by attitude and power without visual reference to the horizon is
Control and performance
What are the precision approaches?
ILS-instrument landing system
PAR-precision approach radar
The minimum altitude for IFR flight is
2000ft above highest obstacles over mountainous terrain; 1000ft above highest obstacles over terrain elsewhere
Which wind conditions prolongs wake turbulence?
Light quartering tailwind
What condition is guaranteed for MAA, MCA, MRA, MOCA, MEA?
1,000’ obstacle clearance
What does it mean when VOR frequency is underlined?
If underlined, no voice communication
If not underlined, can transmit voice
What indication on Inner Marker ILS approach?
6 dots per second and flashing white light
Temperature inversion is an indication of
Stable air
What happens when decreasing tailwind or increasing headwind?
IAS increases, Performance Increases
Glide slope, rate of descent and ground speed relationship
Linear, if GS decreases, rate of descent has to decrease to remain on glide slope
What is GDU?
Garmin Display Unit
What is GIA?
Garmin Integrated Avionics Unit
Contains GPS receiver, VHF COM radio, VHF NAV receiver
What is GDC?
Garmin Air Data Computer
-Process info from pitot static lines
-Gives info on pressure, altitude, indicated airspeed, vertical speed, outside wind direction and strength
What is GEA?
Engine and Airframe Unit
Monitors engine parameters, avionics, and all system components
Which approaches can you shoot with WAAS?
LPV, LNAV/VNAV
Can you land of you only see the approach lights?
No you have to see the red terminating bars or side row bars. But you can descend below MDA, DA/DH but not below 100ft above TDZE
VOR check 30 days, what’s needed?
Place
Amount of error
Date
Signature
what info do you need to log simulated instrument time?
place, type of approach and signature of safety pilot
what information should be in a position report?
Identification, position, time, altitude, flight plan type, ETA and name of reporting point
characteristics of high pressure system
Good weather, clockwise, pushes air down
Characteristics of low pressure system
Counterclockwise, air rises, air condenses and forms clouds and precipitation
