PPD Flashcards
Describe the ideal building form for all 4 major climate types
- Hot-Arid - Courtyard, fountain to add humidity, high thermal mass
- Hot-Humid - Maximize airflow, breezeways separate house areas
- Temperate - East-west orientation, some elements for warm weather and some for cold
- Cold - Compact forms minimizing surface area to mass
Type I Construction
- FIRE RESISTIVE!
- All components are non-combustible and treated/coated
- IA - (Structure(3), exterior walls(3), floors(2) and ceilings(2)) >75’
- IB - (Structure(2), exterior walls(2), floors(1) and ceilings(1)) Mid-rise
Type II Construction
- NON COMBUSTIBLE!
- All components are non-combustible, not neccessary to treat/coat
- <75’
- IA - (Structure(1), exterior walls(1), floors(1) and ceilings(1))
- IB - (Structure(0), exterior walls(0), floors(0) and ceilings(0))
Type III Construction
- ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION!
- IIIA - “Protected combustible” non-combustible structure/exterior with combustible floors/ceilings. (Structure(1), exterior walls(2), floors(1) and ceilings(1))
- IIIB - “unprotected combustible” only exterior walls are noncombustible (Structure(0), exterior walls(2), floors(0) and ceilings(0))
Type IV Construction
- HEAVY TIMBER!
- Non-combustible exterior walls (2hr)
Type V Construction
- WOOD FRAME CONSTRUCTION!
- VA - (Structure(1), exterior walls(1), floors(1) and ceilings(1)) - Small apartment buildings
- VB - (Structure(0), exterior walls(0), floors(0) and ceilings(0)) - Single family homes
What is the difference between a Vent Stack and a Stack Vent?
A Vent Stack only exhausts air upwards out of the roof.
A Stack Vent is the upper exhaust portion of a Soil Stack which allows that to drain waste.
What is the modulus of elasticity?
a property of a material’s resistance to deformation under stress.
What is the moment of inertia?
The sum of the products of all the elementary areas times the square of their distances from the neutral axis.
Aka moving mass farther from the centroid of a beam, column (or entire building) increases the moment of inertia
What are some of the factors in IBC Table 602 that determine the required fire rating of a building’s components?
Distance to neighboring buildings
Type of construction
Occupancy Group
When are places for eating and drinking considered B-Business Occupancy?
When they have fewer than 50 occupants!
How many degrees off South should a building be oriented for each of the four major climate types?
- Hot-Humid = 5 degrees
- Cool = 12 degrees
- Temperate = 17.5 degrees
- Hot-Arid = 25 degrees
What are the 10 principles of the Forest Stewardship Council?
Principle 1: Compliance with Laws
Principle 2: Workers Rights and Employment Conditions
Principle 3: Indigenous Peoples’ Rights
Principle 4: Community Relations
Principle 5: Benefits from the Forest
Principle 6: Environmental Values and Impacts
Principle 7: Management Planning
Principle 8: Monitoring and Assessment
Principle 9: High Conservation Values
Principle 10: Implementation of Management Activities
What HVAC systems are capable of both heating and cooling with the same units?
Packaged terminal units
Heat Pumps
Forced Air
Through-Wall Units
What are some sample reverberation times in different spaces?
- .5 seconds - very short (recording or broadcast studio)
- 1 second - short (small theater, lecture or conference room, or other intimate space)
- 2.5 seconds - long (cathedral, etc.)
- 5 seconds - very long (degrades noise perception)
What are some different water treatment processes?
- Reverse Osmosis - removes calcium and magnesium ions from hard water
- Ion-Exchanger - pulls the calcium and magnesium out of the water
- Aeration - improves taste and color, also removes iron and manganese
- UV Radiation - disinfects the water supply
- Copper Sulfate - controls algae growth
Where should you look to determine the climate zone of a site?
International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)
Name all Wood structural members and their spans.
- Joists - <20’
- Decking - 25’
- Solid Beams - 30’
- Rafter Pairs - 40’
- Light floor trusses - 42’
- Light roof trusses - 70’
- Glue-Lam Beams - 100’
- Heavy Trusses - 200’
- Glue-Lam Arches - 250’
- Domes - ???
How far can brick span?
Lintels about 17’
Arches up to 250’
Name all Steel structural members and their spans.
- Corrugated Decking - 20’
- Lightweight Steel Joists - 30’
- Beams - 75’
- Open-Web Joists - 150’
- Single-Story Rigid Frames - 165’
- Heavy Trusses - 300’
- Arches and Vaults - 325’
- Space Frame - ???
- Domes - ???
- Cable-Stayed - ???
- Suspension - ???
What are the spanning maximums of Pre-Cast Concrete elements?
- Slabs - 47’
- Beams - 64’
- Double Tees - 96’
- Single Tees - 140’
Name all the different Site-cast Concrete structural members and their spans.
- One-way slabs - 20’
- Two-way slabs - 40’
- One-way joists - 45’
- Waffle slab - 56’
- Beams - 72’
- Folded plates and shells - 150’
- Domes - 250’
- Arches - 260’
When to use the different types of lateral support
Shear Walls - these are the most compact, so use them when space is tight.
Braced Frames - These are the lightest per strength, so use if building weight is an issue. Also are relatively open so they can be on the building perimeter.
Rigid Frames - use these when flexibility in plan configuration is desired.
ADA Parking
- Hospitals - 10% of pat/visitor parking
- Rehabs & PT - 20%
- R2 Multifamily - 2% (no less than 1 + 1 van)
- One of every six 8’ ADA spaces need to be Van Accessible (11’ wide)
- Access Aisles are 5’ wide
Other buildings:
- 1 space for every 25, up to 100. Then 1 per 50 to 200. Then 1 per 100 to 500.
- if 501-1000 spaces - 2% of total
- over 1000 - 20 spaces, plus 1 per 100 starting after 1000
Type A Occupancy typesq
Theater, Restaurant, Church, Hockey Rink, Football Stadium
What are the efficacies of the different types of lighting?
Incandescent Lighting is 10-25 lm/W
LED is 30-100 lm/W
Fluorescent is 55-110 lm/W
Metal Halide is 65-115 lm/W
Natural Daylighting is 90-150 lm/W
What is the simplest possible HVAC system?
A single duct, constant air volume.
or
Through-the wall/Packaged Terminal units (because they have no ducts or piping)
When to use the different elevator types
Lowrise - Hydraulic
Mid-Rise - Geared Traction
High-Rise - Gearless Traction
What is an Isolated Gain Space?
Solar radiation collection and storage are thermally isolated from the living spaces of the building.
For example, a solar collector.
What is the fundamental period of a building?
A measure of the time a building takes while oscillating under seismic loads. Really tall buildings will have a very high fundamental period of multiple seconds.
Name some different flooring types
Vinyl Composition Tile - resin bound with binder, pigments, and fillers.
Laminate - engineered wood core fused to a wearing surface
Terrazzo - chips of marble or granite poured, allowed to harden, then ground and polished
Linoleum - linseed oil, ground limestone, and powdered wood.
List the metals from Cathodic (ions move to these) to Anodic (ions move from these)
Platinum
Gold
Silver
Titanium
Stainless Steel
Brass Plating
Tungsten
Chromium Plating
Nickel
Copper
Cast Iron
Steel
Lead
Tin
Aluminum
Cadmium
Galvanized Steel
Zinc
Magnesium
Memorization tips - Shiny at the top, then coins, then basic metals, then minerals.
PeopleGenerallyStareTowardsSomeBigToddlerCreatingNonstopCommotionCryingScreamingLosingitThoughAroundCaregiverGood-for-NothingZeirMother
What are the first two divisions of CSI MasterFormat?
00 - Procurement and Contracting Requirements
01 - General Requirements
What are the divisions of the Facility Construction Subgroup of CSI MasterFormat?
02 - Existing Conditions
03 - Concrete
04 - Masonry
05 - Metals
06 - Wood, Plastics, & Composites
07 - Thermal and Moisture Protection
08 - Openings
09 - Finishes
10 - Specialties
11 - Equipment
12 - Furnishings
13 - Special Construction
14 - Conveying Equipment
2-14 Every Contractor Makes My World Trippy Or Fucked up. So Everyone Fight Said Contractors
What are the divisions of the Facility Services Subgroup of CSI MasterFormat?
21 - Fire Suppression
22 - Plumbing
23 - HVAC
24 (there isn’t one)
25 Integrated Automation
26 - Electrical
27 - Communications
28 - Electronic Safety and Security
21-28 Fire Proliferates Hotly Inside Enflamed Cathedral Eaves
What are the divisions of the Site and Infrastructure of CSI MasterFormat?
31 - Earthwork
32 - Exterior Improvements
33 - Utilities
34 - Transportation
35 - Waterway and Marine Construction
31-35 Every Elephant Understands The Way
What are the divisions of the Process Equipment Subgroup of CSI MasterFormat?
40 — Process Interconnections
41 — Material Processing and Handling Equipment
42 — Process Heating, Cooling, and Drying Equipment
43 — Process Gas and Liquid Handling, Purification and Storage Equipment
44 — Pollution and Waste Control Equipment
45 — Industry-Specific Manufacturing Equipment
46 — Water and Wastewater Equipment
48 — Electrical Power Generation
People Make Pollution Pretty Plainly Irregardless of Which Environment
How are different air movement levels percieved?
50 feet per minute - barely noticeable
50-100 fpm - quite pleasant
100-200 - pleasant, but noticeable
200-300 - feels drafty
300+ gusty and uncomfortable
Test Borings
100-500 feet apart for uniform conditions
50’ apart for large buildings
One at each corner and one in center
Extend 20’ beyond firm strata
Soil tested with: wash boring, auger boring, core boring, test pit
When should a traffic light be added to a street?
When there are more than 750 cars per hour, per lane of traffic.
Outlet Placement
How many feet can 1 PSI of pipe pressure lift water?
2’-4”
How to check if you have lead pipes.
Scrape it with a coin or something to see if it is soft like lead.
See if it is magnetic, lead is not.
Pipe materials and uses
Water coming in - copper or plastic
Waste & drainage - cast iron or plastic
Galvanized steel for either
Copper is good b/c high strength and resistance to corrosion. K is thickest (Kit-Kat thicc) then L (Large) then M (Medium). All three come in the same outside diameter though. Only K is suitable for underground. K & L can be specified as flexible.
Plastic weighs less than copper, easier to install and work with, better insulators. Though expand/contract more and are more brittle.
Delivering Cold Water - PB, PE, PVC & CPVC
Delivering Hot Water - PB, CPVC
Common Decibel Levels
Cost Estimating by phase
Pre-Planning - Rough prices (unit, sf, per person, hospital bed)
Programming - Unit costs (unit, sf, per person, hospital bed)
SD - Preliminary, but still rough (structural system, MEP systems)
DD - detailed pricing on actual components (windows, curtain walls, finishes)
CD - Complete & final (quotes from suppliers, installer, sub-contractors, & manufacturers) all specs need to be done first.
How much of a building’s GSF should be set aside for HVAC equipment?
Depends on the size of the building!
Small (<5,000sf) - 9%
Medium (5,000-50,000) - 6%
Large (>50,000) - 3%
