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anaphy lab > pp2 > Flashcards

pp2 Flashcards

1
Q

is a fluid connective tissue, circulate continually around the body, allowing constant communication allowing constant communication

A

BLOOD

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2
Q

main function of the blood is to maintain

A

INTRACELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS

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3
Q

Carries O2 and nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipids, and vitamins) to the cells. Carries CO2 and other wastes (nitrates, creatine, nucleic acid) away from the cell.

A

BLOOD FUNCTION

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4
Q

*Providing intercellular communication in the body: carries hormones (secreted by endocrine glands) to the target organs
Protection and defense: it allows cells and immunological proteins to transport from place to place where need them
* Self repair mechanism: clotting cascade.

A

BLOOD FUNCTION

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5
Q

Blood is composed from 2 fractions:

A
  1. Plasma-Non living extracellular matrix
  2. Formed Elements
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6
Q

Composes about 55% of total blood volume.

A

Plasma-Non living extracellular matrix

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7
Q

Composes about 45% of total blood volume.

A

Formed elements (living cells)

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8
Q

The two frictions of blood can be separated

A

SPINNING

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9
Q

used to separate particles suspended in a liquid according to particle size and density, viscosity of the medium, and rotor speed.

A

CENTRIFUGE

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10
Q

55% of total blood volume
91% water
7% blood proteins (fibrinogen, albumin,globulin)
2% nutrients (amino acids, sugars, lipids)
Hormones (erythropoietin, insulin, etc.)
Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.)
MOSTLY SOLUBLE IN WATER

A

PLASMA

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11
Q

45% of total blood volume

A

CELLULAR COMPONENTS

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12
Q

White blood cells (7000-9000 per mm^3 of blood platelets(250,000 per mm^3 of blood)

A

BUFFY COAT

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13
Q

About 5,000,000 per mm^3 of blood

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

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14
Q

They are responsible for maintain normal plasma osmotic pressure. Also act as carrier molecules for free fatty acids, some drugs and steroid hormones.

A

ALBUMINS

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15
Q

Their main functions are: as antibodies immunoglobulins), transportation of some hormones and mineral salts (e.g. thyroglobulin carries the hormone thyroxin and transferrin carries the mineral iron. And inhibition of some proteolytic enzymes (e.g. macroglobulin inhibits trypsin activities)

Clotting factors. These are responsible for coagulation of BLOOD

A

GLOBINS

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16
Q

Are Y shaped proteins that recognize unique markers (antigens) on pathogens

A

ANTIBODIES OR IMMUNOGLOBULINS

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17
Q

Secreted into mucous, saliva, tears, colostrum. Tags pathogens or destruction.

A

IgA

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18
Q

B cell receptor stimulates release of IgM

A

IgD

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19
Q

Binds to mast cells and basophils. Allergy and antiparasitic activity.

A

IgE

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20
Q

Binds to phagocytes. Main blood antibody for secondary responses. Crosses placenta.

A

IgG

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21
Q

Fixes complement. Main antibody of primary responses. B cell receptor. Immune system memory.

A

IgM

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22
Q

Inorganic salts (electrolytes) like Ca, Na, PO4 which are responsible for muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses. Nutrients: glucose, amino acid, fatty acids and glycerol. Waste products like urea, creatinine and uric acid they are carried in the blood to the kidney for excretion. Hormones and gases

A

PLASMA

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23
Q

Red blood cell

A

Erythrocytes

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24
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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25
Q

White blood cell

A

Leukocytes

26
Q

have a relatively short lifespan

A

Mature blood cells

27
Q

Blood cells are synthesized mainly in the

A

RED BONE MARROW

28
Q

Some lymphocytes, additionally are produced

A

LYMPHOID TISSUE

29
Q

The organ or system responsible for synthesis blood cells are called __________

A

HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM

30
Q

the process of blood cell formation is called

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

31
Q

are biconcave discs, they have no nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles. Contains red colored protein called HEMOGLOBIN

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

32
Q

RBC count is very high at birth

A

8-10 million/microliter

33
Q

RBC count is raised at high altitude, in warm temperature during

A

EXCITEMENT

34
Q

the most important constituent of red blood cells. responsible for transport of O2 from lungs to tissues and CO2 from tissues to lungs.

A

HEMOGLOBIN

35
Q

The normal value of hemoglobin in a normal male adult is _____

A

13-18g/100ml

36
Q

The normal value of hemoglobin in a normal female adult is _____

A

11.5-16.5g/100ml

37
Q

is made up of iron (in ferrous form) and porphyrin.

A

HEME

38
Q

a protein that has 4 polypeptides chains (2 alpha and 2 beta

A

GLOBIN

39
Q

The plasma membrane of erythrocytes are composed of

A

LIPIDS AND PROTEINS

40
Q

Persons of blood group A have antigen of type A on their red blood cells. Their serum contains antibodies of type ___

A

B

41
Q

Persons of blood group B have antigen of B on their red blood cells. Their serum contains antibodies of type ___

A

A

42
Q

Persons of blood group AB have antigens of both types A and B.

A

they do not have type A or type B antibodies.

43
Q

Persons of blood group O have neither A nor B.

A

antibodies of both types A and B are present.

44
Q

are the largest blood cells. They account for only about 1% of the blood volume. They are also true cells and don’t contain hb and can actively move while erythrocytes do not have mobility of their own. Also it can leave vessels and enter the surrounding tissue and it have a relatively short life span.

A

Leukocytes

45
Q

do not leave the vascular system

A

erythrocytes

46
Q

TYPES OF WBC:
contain granules in their cytoplasm and they Neutrophils, easinophils and basophils.

A

Granulocytes

47
Q

TYPES OF WBC:
Monocytes and lymphocytes

A

Agranulocytes

48
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

49
Q

are non nucleated disc like cell fragments 2-4 in diameter. originate from fragments of mega karyocyte cytoplasm that reside in the red bone marrow. it promotes blood clotting and help repair gasps in the walls of blood vessels, preventing loss of blood.

A

Platelets

50
Q

Normal platelets counts range from ____

A

200,000-400,000 per microliter of blood

51
Q

released by kidneys has ability to stimulate platelets synthesis.

A

Thrombopoietin

52
Q

Platelets have a life span of about

A

10 days

53
Q

Phagocytize and destroy bacteria: most numerous WBC. It has many interconnected lobes: blue granules and has 60-70% volume of WBC

A

NEUTROPHILS

54
Q

Plays a role in ending allergic reactions. its nucleus has bilobed nuclei: red or yellow granules containing digestive enzymes and has 2-4% volume of WBC

A

EOSNOPHILS

55
Q

Function in inflammation medication; similar in function to mast cells. Bilobed nuclei hidden by large purple granules full of chemical mediators of inflammation. it has <1% volume of WBC

A

BASOPHILS

56
Q

the most important cells of the immune system: effective in fighting infectious organisms: act against a specific foreign molecule. it has 20-25% volume of WBC

A

LYMPHOCYTES

57
Q

Transform into macrophages: phagocytic cells. Largest leukocyte; kidney shaped nucleus. It has 4-8% volume of WBC

A

Monocytes

58
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS

Bone marrow stimulation, chronic inflammation, congenital, infection, medication induced, reactive, splenectomy

A

NEUTROPHILS

59
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS

Autoimmune disease, infections (Epstein-Barr virus, fungal, protozoan, rickettsial, tuberculosis), splenectomy

A

MONOCYTES

60
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS

Acute or chronic leukemia, hypersensitivity reaction, infections (viral, pertussis)

A

LYMPHOCYTES

61
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS

Allergic conditions, dermatologic conditions, eosinophilic esophagitis, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, malignancies, medication reactions, parasitic infections

A

EOSINOPHILS

62
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS

Allergic conditions, leukemias

A

BASOPHILS

anaphy lab (4 decks)

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