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pp2 Flashcards

1
Q

is a fluid connective tissue, circulate continually around the body, allowing constant communication allowing constant communication

A

BLOOD

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2
Q

main function of the blood is to maintain

A

INTRACELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS

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3
Q

Carries O2 and nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipids, and vitamins) to the cells. Carries CO2 and other wastes (nitrates, creatine, nucleic acid) away from the cell.

A

BLOOD FUNCTION

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4
Q

*Providing intercellular communication in the body: carries hormones (secreted by endocrine glands) to the target organs
Protection and defense: it allows cells and immunological proteins to transport from place to place where need them
* Self repair mechanism: clotting cascade.

A

BLOOD FUNCTION

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5
Q

Blood is composed from 2 fractions:

A
  1. Plasma-Non living extracellular matrix
  2. Formed Elements
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6
Q

Composes about 55% of total blood volume.

A

Plasma-Non living extracellular matrix

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7
Q

Composes about 45% of total blood volume.

A

Formed elements (living cells)

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8
Q

The two frictions of blood can be separated

A

SPINNING

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9
Q

used to separate particles suspended in a liquid according to particle size and density, viscosity of the medium, and rotor speed.

A

CENTRIFUGE

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10
Q

55% of total blood volume
91% water
7% blood proteins (fibrinogen, albumin,globulin)
2% nutrients (amino acids, sugars, lipids)
Hormones (erythropoietin, insulin, etc.)
Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.)
MOSTLY SOLUBLE IN WATER

A

PLASMA

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11
Q

45% of total blood volume

A

CELLULAR COMPONENTS

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12
Q

White blood cells (7000-9000 per mm^3 of blood platelets(250,000 per mm^3 of blood)

A

BUFFY COAT

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13
Q

About 5,000,000 per mm^3 of blood

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

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14
Q

They are responsible for maintain normal plasma osmotic pressure. Also act as carrier molecules for free fatty acids, some drugs and steroid hormones.

A

ALBUMINS

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15
Q

Their main functions are: as antibodies immunoglobulins), transportation of some hormones and mineral salts (e.g. thyroglobulin carries the hormone thyroxin and transferrin carries the mineral iron. And inhibition of some proteolytic enzymes (e.g. macroglobulin inhibits trypsin activities)

Clotting factors. These are responsible for coagulation of BLOOD

A

GLOBINS

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16
Q

Are Y shaped proteins that recognize unique markers (antigens) on pathogens

A

ANTIBODIES OR IMMUNOGLOBULINS

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17
Q

Secreted into mucous, saliva, tears, colostrum. Tags pathogens or destruction.

A

IgA

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18
Q

B cell receptor stimulates release of IgM

A

IgD

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19
Q

Binds to mast cells and basophils. Allergy and antiparasitic activity.

A

IgE

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20
Q

Binds to phagocytes. Main blood antibody for secondary responses. Crosses placenta.

A

IgG

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21
Q

Fixes complement. Main antibody of primary responses. B cell receptor. Immune system memory.

A

IgM

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22
Q

Inorganic salts (electrolytes) like Ca, Na, PO4 which are responsible for muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses. Nutrients: glucose, amino acid, fatty acids and glycerol. Waste products like urea, creatinine and uric acid they are carried in the blood to the kidney for excretion. Hormones and gases

A

PLASMA

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23
Q

Red blood cell

A

Erythrocytes

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24
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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25
White blood cell
Leukocytes
26
have a relatively short lifespan
Mature blood cells
27
Blood cells are synthesized mainly in the
RED BONE MARROW
28
Some lymphocytes, additionally are produced
LYMPHOID TISSUE
29
The organ or system responsible for synthesis blood cells are called __________
HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM
30
the process of blood cell formation is called
HEMATOPOIESIS
31
are biconcave discs, they have no nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles. Contains red colored protein called HEMOGLOBIN
RED BLOOD CELLS
32
RBC count is very high at birth
8-10 million/microliter
33
RBC count is raised at high altitude, in warm temperature during
EXCITEMENT
34
the most important constituent of red blood cells. responsible for transport of O2 from lungs to tissues and CO2 from tissues to lungs.
HEMOGLOBIN
35
The normal value of hemoglobin in a normal male adult is _____
13-18g/100ml
36
The normal value of hemoglobin in a normal female adult is _____
11.5-16.5g/100ml
37
is made up of iron (in ferrous form) and porphyrin.
HEME
38
a protein that has 4 polypeptides chains (2 alpha and 2 beta
GLOBIN
39
The plasma membrane of erythrocytes are composed of
LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
40
Persons of blood group A have antigen of type A on their red blood cells. Their serum contains antibodies of type ___
B
41
Persons of blood group B have antigen of B on their red blood cells. Their serum contains antibodies of type ___
A
42
Persons of blood group AB have antigens of both types A and B.
they do not have type A or type B antibodies.
43
Persons of blood group O have neither A nor B.
antibodies of both types A and B are present.
44
are the largest blood cells. They account for only about 1% of the blood volume. They are also true cells and don't contain hb and can actively move while erythrocytes do not have mobility of their own. Also it can leave vessels and enter the surrounding tissue and it have a relatively short life span.
Leukocytes
45
do not leave the vascular system
erythrocytes
46
TYPES OF WBC: contain granules in their cytoplasm and they Neutrophils, easinophils and basophils.
Granulocytes
47
TYPES OF WBC: Monocytes and lymphocytes
Agranulocytes
48
Thrombocytes
Platelets
49
are non nucleated disc like cell fragments 2-4 in diameter. originate from fragments of mega karyocyte cytoplasm that reside in the red bone marrow. it promotes blood clotting and help repair gasps in the walls of blood vessels, preventing loss of blood.
Platelets
50
Normal platelets counts range from ____
200,000-400,000 per microliter of blood
51
released by kidneys has ability to stimulate platelets synthesis.
Thrombopoietin
52
Platelets have a life span of about
10 days
53
Phagocytize and destroy bacteria: most numerous WBC. It has many interconnected lobes: blue granules and has 60-70% volume of WBC
NEUTROPHILS
54
Plays a role in ending allergic reactions. its nucleus has bilobed nuclei: red or yellow granules containing digestive enzymes and has 2-4% volume of WBC
EOSNOPHILS
55
Function in inflammation medication; similar in function to mast cells. Bilobed nuclei hidden by large purple granules full of chemical mediators of inflammation. it has <1% volume of WBC
BASOPHILS
56
the most important cells of the immune system: effective in fighting infectious organisms: act against a specific foreign molecule. it has 20-25% volume of WBC
LYMPHOCYTES
57
Transform into macrophages: phagocytic cells. Largest leukocyte; kidney shaped nucleus. It has 4-8% volume of WBC
Monocytes
58
WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS Bone marrow stimulation, chronic inflammation, congenital, infection, medication induced, reactive, splenectomy
NEUTROPHILS
59
WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS Autoimmune disease, infections (Epstein-Barr virus, fungal, protozoan, rickettsial, tuberculosis), splenectomy
MONOCYTES
60
WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS Acute or chronic leukemia, hypersensitivity reaction, infections (viral, pertussis)
LYMPHOCYTES
61
WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS Allergic conditions, dermatologic conditions, eosinophilic esophagitis, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, malignancies, medication reactions, parasitic infections
EOSINOPHILS
62
WHITE BLOOD CELL LINE: CONDITIONS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE ELEVATIONS Allergic conditions, leukemias
BASOPHILS

anaphy lab (4 decks)

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