PP1 Flashcards
What is Inductive Reasoning?
From specifics to general
ex. Michelle, Krisna, and Karen are all thin. They are dancers. Therefore, all dancers are thin.
What is Deductive Reasoning
From general to specific
ex. All dancers are thin. Karen is a dancer. Therefore, Karen is thin.
What is Language (capital and lowercase)?
‘language’ = any particular human language, like Swahili or Finnish
‘Language’ = human languages in general, the aspects of human communication that are universal and (mostly) unique to the human species
What are the 6 modules of language?
- Phonetics
- Phonology
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Semantics
- Pragmatics
What is Phonetics?
the study of human speech sounds
What is Phonology?
the study of how those sounds pattern together, how they’re stuck together within a language
What is Morphology?
the study of the internal structure of words
What is Syntax?
the study of how words are organized into phrases and sentences
What is Semantics?
the study of the meanings of individual words and phrases
What is Pragmatics?
the study of speaker meaning (as it can differ from word meaning) or how people use language
What is NSI? What does it mean?
Native Speaker Intuition
Mastery of a hierarchic set of rules that one’s native language deploys to express meaning. It is not guesswork, but very sophisticated and rule-governed knowledge.
What is Prescriptive Grammar?
concerned with making value judgments about how we should speak or write a particular language (choosing one variety as superior over another)
Descriptive Grammar
how native speakers actually speak and use language (regardless of value judgements)
Who was Charles Hockett?
An anthropological linguist
What did Charles Hockett do for Linguistics?
He crafted a list of key design features that uniquely identify human language
