pp 1 Flashcards
sessile has what kind of symmetry?
radial
what has raidal symmetry, short central axis, and has defense of skeletons, envelops, and tubes? sessile or free moving?
sessile
what kind of symmetry does free moving have?
biltaeral
what has bilateral symmetry, long bilateral axis, and directionality and cephalizayion?
sessile
eumetazoa can be divided up into what two things?
bilateria and radiata
explain bilateria
bilateral symmetry, mouth, digestive cavity, anus
explain radiata
radial symmetry, few organs, mouth and digestive cavity
what has well defined tissues, organs, and mouth and digestive cavity? metazoa or parazoa?
metazoa
what has pooryl defined tissues, no organs, no mouth, no digestive cavity? metazoa or parazoa
para
are protosomes and deuterostomes apart of bilateria or radiata?
bilateria
what body plan has mesenchyme, epidermis, and muscle?
acoelomate
what body plan has epidermis, muscle, peritoneum, and fluid filled coelom?
coelmate
what body plan has epidermis, muscle, and fluid filled center but no peritoneum
psuedocoelomate
embryogeny differentiates two divisions of metazoans which are called what>
protostomes and deuterostomes
protostomes are \_\_\_\_\_ mouth. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cleavage. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ embryogenesis (indeterminate or determinate). the mouth arises from where?
first, spiral, determinate. near the blastopore
explain determinate cleavage
all cells are specialized in different regions of the body
what kind of cleavage: axes of early clevage spindles are oblique to the polar axis.
spiral
dueterostomes are ______ mouth. has _____ clevage, and _______ emyrogenesis. mouth arises where?
second, radial, indeterminate. away from the blastopore
explain indeterminate cleavage
all cells once mature have the same function
what kind of clevage has axes of early cleavage spindles are parallel or at right angles to the polar axis. blastomeres are situated above or below each other
radial
what is a group of organisms and most recent common ancestor (MRCA) and all descendents of that MRCA?
monophyletic taxon (clade)
what is group of organisms including MRCA. but does not include all descendants of MRCA
paraphyletic taxon
what is group of organsims in which MRCA is not included?
polyphyletic taxon
what deals with study of relationships between organsism
phylogenetics
what on the genome is used to study phylogenes?
18S
platyhelminthes have what kind of body plan?
acoelomate
what kind of body plan is described
dorsoventrally flattened, 3 germ layers, tissue filled, blind gut, body covered with cilia
acoelomate
nematodes are what of body plan?
pseudocoelmates
what kind of body plan is described? tube within a tube, psuedocoelomate body cavity, longitudinal body wall muscles, snake like movement, molting, and collagen cuticle
pseudocoelomate
what are the two clases of nematoda
adenophorea and secernentea
what are three systemic errors when learning about nematodes?
overestimating, underestimating, and misinterpreting
name the concept: subjective, involved delimiting species as groups with the most overall similarity (type 1,2,3)
linean species concept
name this concept: single linease of ancestral descendent populations that maintains identity and has independent non coalescing trajectory ( type one and 3 erroers)
evolutionary species concept
name this concept:sister species have have an autapomorphy (uniquely derived character fixed among all comparable individuals)
amalgamation of ESC and PSC
name this concept:groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated (type,1,2,3 error)
biological species concept
name this concept: smallest units reflecting phylogenetic history that are analyzable by cladistics (type 1 error)
phylogenetic species concept
character is the
ancestral character of a homologue
plesimorphic
character is the
derived character of a homologue
apomorphic
is a homologous
character found in 2 or more taxa
that arose in the ancestral species
of these taxa and in no earlier ancestor
synapomorphy
is a character that
evolved from its plesiomorphic
Homologue in a single species
autamorphy
Characters that are found in 2 or more species but one character was not the precursor of the other or if the common ancestor of these 2 species did not have the character in question
nonhomologous or homoplasty
Character of 2 or more taxa is found in the common ancestor of these taxa or when 2 or more characters are directly or sequentially derived from the others
homologous
is same parts of
two different organisms regardless
of difference in form or function
homology
annelida have what kind of body plan?
coelomate
what kind of body plan is described below? tube wihtin a tube, body divided into segments, circular and logintudinal body wall muscles, peristaltic movement
coelomate
polychaeta are what kind of worms?
marine
oligochaeta are what kind of worms?
earthworms
hirudinea are what kind of worms?
leeches or parasitic
what is schizocoely
process where true body cavities are created
protstomes develop true cavities through what process
schizocoelous
deuterostomes develop true body cavities through what
enterocoelous
metamerism is what
segmentation
metamerism evolved at least how many times and involves what type of skin?
twice, mesoderm
pygidium is what?
the last segment
new segments are added where?
in front of the pygidium
the oldest segment is located where?
behind the acron
serial homology is what
different segmented structures with same embryonic evolutionary origib
what kind of motion do annelids use and what is it
peristalic, alternating contraction of circular and longetudinal muscles.
circular muscles contract resulting in what
pushng body forward
longitudinal muscles ocntract resulting in what
anchoring body
