pp 1

Question 1

sessile has what kind of symmetry?

Answer 1

radial

Question 2

what has raidal symmetry, short central axis, and has defense of skeletons, envelops, and tubes? sessile or free moving?

Answer 2

sessile

Question 3

what kind of symmetry does free moving have?

Answer 3

biltaeral

Question 4

what has bilateral symmetry, long bilateral axis, and directionality and cephalizayion?

Answer 4

sessile

Question 5

eumetazoa can be divided up into what two things?

Answer 5

bilateria and radiata

Question 6

explain bilateria

Answer 6

bilateral symmetry, mouth, digestive cavity, anus

Question 7

explain radiata

Answer 7

radial symmetry, few organs, mouth and digestive cavity

Question 8

what has well defined tissues, organs, and mouth and digestive cavity? metazoa or parazoa?

Answer 8

metazoa

Question 9

what has pooryl defined tissues, no organs, no mouth, no digestive cavity? metazoa or parazoa

Answer 9

para

Question 10

are protosomes and deuterostomes apart of bilateria or radiata?

Answer 10

bilateria

Question 11

what body plan has mesenchyme, epidermis, and muscle?

Answer 11

acoelomate

Question 12

what body plan has epidermis, muscle, peritoneum, and fluid filled coelom?

Answer 12

coelmate

Question 13

what body plan has epidermis, muscle, and fluid filled center but no peritoneum

Answer 13

psuedocoelomate

Question 14

embryogeny differentiates two divisions of metazoans which are called what>

Answer 14

protostomes and deuterostomes

Question 15

protostomes are \_\_\_\_\_ mouth. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cleavage.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ embryogenesis (indeterminate or determinate). the mouth arises from where?

Answer 15

first, spiral, determinate. near the blastopore

Question 16

explain determinate cleavage

Answer 16

all cells are specialized in different regions of the body

Question 17

what kind of cleavage: axes of early clevage spindles are oblique to the polar axis.

Answer 17

spiral

Question 18

dueterostomes are ______ mouth. has _____ clevage, and _______ emyrogenesis. mouth arises where?

Answer 18

second, radial, indeterminate. away from the blastopore

Question 19

explain indeterminate cleavage

Answer 19

all cells once mature have the same function

Question 20

what kind of clevage has axes of early cleavage spindles are parallel or at right angles to the polar axis. blastomeres are situated above or below each other

Answer 20

radial

Question 21

what is a group of organisms and most recent common ancestor (MRCA) and all descendents of that MRCA?

Answer 21

monophyletic taxon (clade)

Question 22

what is group of organisms including MRCA. but does not include all descendants of MRCA

Answer 22

paraphyletic taxon

Question 23

what is group of organsims in which MRCA is not included?

Answer 23

polyphyletic taxon

Question 24

what deals with study of relationships between organsism

Answer 24

phylogenetics

Question 25

what on the genome is used to study phylogenes?

Answer 25

18S

Question 26

platyhelminthes have what kind of body plan?

Answer 26

acoelomate

Question 27

what kind of body plan is described | dorsoventrally flattened, 3 germ layers, tissue filled, blind gut, body covered with cilia

Answer 27

acoelomate

Question 28

nematodes are what of body plan?

Answer 28

pseudocoelmates

Question 29

what kind of body plan is described? tube within a tube, psuedocoelomate body cavity, longitudinal body wall muscles, snake like movement, molting, and collagen cuticle

Answer 29

pseudocoelomate

Question 30

what are the two clases of nematoda

Answer 30

adenophorea and secernentea

Question 31

what are three systemic errors when learning about nematodes?

Answer 31

overestimating, underestimating, and misinterpreting

Question 32

name the concept: subjective, involved delimiting species as groups with the most overall similarity (type 1,2,3)

Answer 32

linean species concept

Question 33

name this concept: single linease of ancestral descendent populations that maintains identity and has independent non coalescing trajectory ( type one and 3 erroers)

Answer 33

evolutionary species concept

Question 34

name this concept:sister species have have an autapomorphy (uniquely derived character fixed among all comparable individuals)

Answer 34

amalgamation of ESC and PSC

Question 35

name this concept:groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated (type,1,2,3 error)

Answer 35

biological species concept

Question 36

name this concept: smallest units reflecting phylogenetic history that are analyzable by cladistics (type 1 error)

Answer 36

phylogenetic species concept

Question 37

character is the | ancestral character of a homologue

Answer 37

plesimorphic

Question 38

character is the | derived character of a homologue

Answer 38

apomorphic

Question 39

is a homologous character found in 2 or more taxa that arose in the ancestral species of these taxa and in no earlier ancestor

Answer 39

synapomorphy

Question 40

is a character that evolved from its plesiomorphic Homologue in a single species

Answer 40

autamorphy

Question 41

``` Characters that are found in 2 or more species but one character was not the precursor of the other or if the common ancestor of these 2 species did not have the character in question ```

Answer 41

nonhomologous or homoplasty

Question 42

``` Character of 2 or more taxa is found in the common ancestor of these taxa or when 2 or more characters are directly or sequentially derived from the others ```

Answer 42

homologous

Question 43

is same parts of two different organisms regardless of difference in form or function

Answer 43

homology

Question 44

annelida have what kind of body plan?

Answer 44

coelomate

Question 45

what kind of body plan is described below? tube wihtin a tube, body divided into segments, circular and logintudinal body wall muscles, peristaltic movement

Answer 45

coelomate

Question 46

polychaeta are what kind of worms?

Answer 46

marine

Question 47

oligochaeta are what kind of worms?

Answer 47

earthworms

Question 48

hirudinea are what kind of worms?

Answer 48

leeches or parasitic

Question 49

what is schizocoely

Answer 49

process where true body cavities are created

Question 50

protstomes develop true cavities through what process

Answer 50

schizocoelous

Question 51

deuterostomes develop true body cavities through what

Answer 51

enterocoelous

Question 52

metamerism is what

Answer 52

segmentation

Question 53

metamerism evolved at least how many times and involves what type of skin?

Answer 53

twice, mesoderm

Question 54

pygidium is what?

Answer 54

the last segment

Question 55

new segments are added where?

Answer 55

in front of the pygidium

Question 56

the oldest segment is located where?

Answer 56

behind the acron

Question 57

serial homology is what

Answer 57

different segmented structures with same embryonic evolutionary origib

Question 58

what kind of motion do annelids use and what is it

Answer 58

peristalic, alternating contraction of circular and longetudinal muscles.

Question 59

circular muscles contract resulting in what

Answer 59

pushng body forward

Question 60

longitudinal muscles ocntract resulting in what

Answer 60

anchoring body