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NEM > pp 1 > Flashcards

pp 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sessile has what kind of symmetry?

A

radial

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2
Q

what has raidal symmetry, short central axis, and has defense of skeletons, envelops, and tubes? sessile or free moving?

A

sessile

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3
Q

what kind of symmetry does free moving have?

A

biltaeral

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4
Q

what has bilateral symmetry, long bilateral axis, and directionality and cephalizayion?

A

sessile

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5
Q

eumetazoa can be divided up into what two things?

A

bilateria and radiata

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6
Q

explain bilateria

A

bilateral symmetry, mouth, digestive cavity, anus

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7
Q

explain radiata

A

radial symmetry, few organs, mouth and digestive cavity

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8
Q

what has well defined tissues, organs, and mouth and digestive cavity? metazoa or parazoa?

A

metazoa

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9
Q

what has pooryl defined tissues, no organs, no mouth, no digestive cavity? metazoa or parazoa

A

para

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10
Q

are protosomes and deuterostomes apart of bilateria or radiata?

A

bilateria

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11
Q

what body plan has mesenchyme, epidermis, and muscle?

A

acoelomate

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12
Q

what body plan has epidermis, muscle, peritoneum, and fluid filled coelom?

A

coelmate

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13
Q

what body plan has epidermis, muscle, and fluid filled center but no peritoneum

A

psuedocoelomate

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14
Q

embryogeny differentiates two divisions of metazoans which are called what>

A

protostomes and deuterostomes

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15
Q 
protostomes are \_\_\_\_\_ mouth. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cleavage.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ embryogenesis (indeterminate or determinate). the mouth arises from where?
A

first, spiral, determinate. near the blastopore

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16
Q

explain determinate cleavage

A

all cells are specialized in different regions of the body

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17
Q

what kind of cleavage: axes of early clevage spindles are oblique to the polar axis.

A

spiral

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18
Q

dueterostomes are ______ mouth. has _____ clevage, and _______ emyrogenesis. mouth arises where?

A

second, radial, indeterminate. away from the blastopore

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19
Q

explain indeterminate cleavage

A

all cells once mature have the same function

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20
Q

what kind of clevage has axes of early cleavage spindles are parallel or at right angles to the polar axis. blastomeres are situated above or below each other

A

radial

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21
Q

what is a group of organisms and most recent common ancestor (MRCA) and all descendents of that MRCA?

A

monophyletic taxon (clade)

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22
Q

what is group of organisms including MRCA. but does not include all descendants of MRCA

A

paraphyletic taxon

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23
Q

what is group of organsims in which MRCA is not included?

A

polyphyletic taxon

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24
Q

what deals with study of relationships between organsism

A

phylogenetics

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25
Q

what on the genome is used to study phylogenes?

A

18S

26
Q

platyhelminthes have what kind of body plan?

A

acoelomate

27
Q

what kind of body plan is described

dorsoventrally flattened, 3 germ layers, tissue filled, blind gut, body covered with cilia

A

acoelomate

28
Q

nematodes are what of body plan?

A

pseudocoelmates

29
Q

what kind of body plan is described? tube within a tube, psuedocoelomate body cavity, longitudinal body wall muscles, snake like movement, molting, and collagen cuticle

A

pseudocoelomate

30
Q

what are the two clases of nematoda

A

adenophorea and secernentea

31
Q

what are three systemic errors when learning about nematodes?

A

overestimating, underestimating, and misinterpreting

32
Q

name the concept: subjective, involved delimiting species as groups with the most overall similarity (type 1,2,3)

A

linean species concept

33
Q

name this concept: single linease of ancestral descendent populations that maintains identity and has independent non coalescing trajectory ( type one and 3 erroers)

A

evolutionary species concept

34
Q

name this concept:sister species have have an autapomorphy (uniquely derived character fixed among all comparable individuals)

A

amalgamation of ESC and PSC

35
Q

name this concept:groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated (type,1,2,3 error)

A

biological species concept

36
Q

name this concept: smallest units reflecting phylogenetic history that are analyzable by cladistics (type 1 error)

A

phylogenetic species concept

37
Q

character is the

ancestral character of a homologue

A

plesimorphic

38
Q

character is the

derived character of a homologue

A

apomorphic

39
Q

is a homologous
character found in 2 or more taxa
that arose in the ancestral species
of these taxa and in no earlier ancestor

A

synapomorphy

40
Q

is a character that
evolved from its plesiomorphic
Homologue in a single species

A

autamorphy

41
Q 
Characters that are found in 2 or more 
species but one character was not the 
precursor of the other or if the common 
ancestor of these 2 species did not 
have the character in question
A

nonhomologous or homoplasty

42
Q 
Character of 2 or more taxa 
is found in the common ancestor of 
these taxa or when 2 or more 
characters are directly or 
sequentially derived 
from  the others
A

homologous

43
Q

is same parts of
two different organisms regardless
of difference in form or function

A

homology

44
Q

annelida have what kind of body plan?

A

coelomate

45
Q

what kind of body plan is described below? tube wihtin a tube, body divided into segments, circular and logintudinal body wall muscles, peristaltic movement

A

coelomate

46
Q

polychaeta are what kind of worms?

A

marine

47
Q

oligochaeta are what kind of worms?

A

earthworms

48
Q

hirudinea are what kind of worms?

A

leeches or parasitic

49
Q

what is schizocoely

A

process where true body cavities are created

50
Q

protstomes develop true cavities through what process

A

schizocoelous

51
Q

deuterostomes develop true body cavities through what

A

enterocoelous

52
Q

metamerism is what

A

segmentation

53
Q

metamerism evolved at least how many times and involves what type of skin?

A

twice, mesoderm

54
Q

pygidium is what?

A

the last segment

55
Q

new segments are added where?

A

in front of the pygidium

56
Q

the oldest segment is located where?

A

behind the acron

57
Q

serial homology is what

A

different segmented structures with same embryonic evolutionary origib

58
Q

what kind of motion do annelids use and what is it

A

peristalic, alternating contraction of circular and longetudinal muscles.

59
Q

circular muscles contract resulting in what

A

pushng body forward

60
Q

longitudinal muscles ocntract resulting in what

A

anchoring body

NEM (6 decks)

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