Pozzulo Flashcards
What is the name of the study conducted by Pozzulo et al.?
Pozzulo et al. (line-ups)
What approach did the study by Pozzulo et al. utilize?
Cognitive Approach
What was the aim of the study? (2)
- Determine the role of social versus cognitive factors in line-ups
- compare false positive rates between children and adults.
What are the four predictions made in the study?
- Children will be as good as adults at identifying cartoon faces in a target-present line-up.
- Children will be worse than adults at identifying human faces in a target-present line-up.
- Children will be worse than adults at rejecting cartoon faces in a target-absent line-up.
- Children will be worse than adults at rejecting human faces in a target-absent line-up.
What psychological aspect is being investigated in the study?
Eyewitness Testimony
What are false-positive responses?
Incorrect identifications made by individuals.
What factors are compared in the study?
- Social Factors
- Cognitive Factors
What was the sample size and demographics of children in the study?
59 children: 21 females and 38 males, aged 4-7, recruited from pre-kindergarten/kindergarten in three private schools in Eastern Ontario, Canada.
What was the sample size and demographics of adults in the study?
53 adults: 36 females and 17 males, aged 17-30, recruited from the Introductory Psychology Participant Pool at Eastern Ontario University.
What were the independent variables (IV) manipulated in the study?
- Age: Young children versus adults
- Line-up type: Identification (target-present) versus rejection (target-absent)
- Level of cognitive demand: cartoon versus human
What was the dependent variable (DV) measured in the study?
Whether the participant identified the correct face if present or the empty silhouette if not.
What research method was used in the study?
Laboratory experiment
What type of experimental design was used?
- Independent Measures for age
- Repeated Measures for type of line-up and familiarity of target
What controls were implemented in the study?
- Specific human face targets used for videos
- Cartoon face targets were cartoon characters
- Randomization of target position in line-ups
- Use of photoarrays with foils
What did the children receive as a probing question during the procedure?
Do you remember anything else?
What was a significant finding regarding adults and children’s performance?
Adults were better than children at most tasks.
What was the accuracy of children in identifying cartoon faces?
Almost 100% accuracy
What factor was identified as influencing errors in target-absent line-ups for cartoons?
Social pressure
What was concluded about the role of social factors in children’s decision-making?
Social factors play a larger role in target-absent line-ups than cognitive factors.
What are some strengths of the study?
- High standardization of procedures and location
- High operationalization of variables
- Quantitative data
- Reduced demand characteristics
What is a weakness of the study?
Low ecological validity, as the line-up was not real.
What ethical concern was raised regarding the participants?
Protection from Harm, particularly for child participants.
What measures were taken to ensure ethical standards in the study?
Written consent forms were signed, and children were informed they could change their mind at any time.
Fill in the blank: The study by Pozzulo et al. investigates the role of _______ versus cognitive factors.
[social]
