Pozullo et all (Line Ups)

Question 1

BackGround

Answer 1

Children are less likely to admit they “don’t know” to an adult figure. This cause children to have less accurate identification skills in criminal law leading to false charges.

Question 2

Cartoon and Human Faces

Answer 2

To test social vs. cognitive factors, Pozzulo used both cartoon and human faces to compare identification and rejection.

Question 3

Aim(s)

Answer 3

1. Investigate if cognitive and social factors affect identification and false responses.
2. Investigate correct identification and false positive responses in familiarity of the target.

Question 4

Research Method and Design

Answer 4

• Lab Experiment
• Three Independent Variables

Question 5

Independent Variable

Answer 5

1. Age (Children vs. Adults): Different participant ages.
2. Identification vs Rejection: Whether the target was present or absent in line up. Line up Type: Whether participants correctly answers if the line up held target.
3. Level of Familiarity: Cartoon faces and the low cog vs the high cog.

Question 6

Sample

Answer 6

Children: 59 young children between 4 and 7.
- 21 females and 38 males.
- Mean Age: 4.98
Adults: 53 adults between the ages of 17 and 30.
- 36 females and 17 males.
- Mean Age: 20.54

Question 7

Materials

Answer 7

• Form provided for participants when watching line up.
• Eight questions asked about age, gender, primary language, ethnicity, children in household and their ages, and the amount of tv watched.

Human Faces
- Six second video clip for each human target, with two to three seconds of close up on face. (videos where also filmed in color)

Cartoon Faces
-Two video clips of Dora (both lasting six seconds), each video has no sound and is filmed in color. Two to three seconds on cartoons face.
For photo arrays, it is both Dora and Diego

Question 8

Human Faces

Answer 8

• Six second video clip for each human target, with two to three seconds of close up on face. (videos where also filmed in color)

Question 9

Cartoon Faces

Answer 9

• Two video clips of Dora (both lasting six seconds), each video has no sound and is filmed in color. Two to three seconds on cartoons face.
• For photo arrays, it is both Dora and Diego

Question 10

Target Line up

Answer 10

Target Present: Target and 3 foils.
Target Absent: 4 foils and no target image.

Question 11

Procedures

Answer 11

• Adults were lab tested
• Children tested in school
  Steps
  1. Adults were given a brief statement that tested memory. Children were told the study was about TV shows and games.
  2. All participants watch 4 videos ( cartoon target present, cartoon target absent, human target present, and human target absent)
  3. All participants were told to pay attention because they will be quizzed on after.
  4. Videos shown in random order, each followed by a line up.
  5. Asked filler questions.
  6. For children, non specific questions asked.
  7. For children, the researchers recorded their responses. For Adults they recorded their own responses.
  8. After the filler tasks, participants were told “Please look at the photos. The person/character may or may not be here. If you see the person/character, please point to the photo. If you do not see the person/character, please point to this box,” indicating the blank silhouette.

Question 12

Dependent Variable

Answer 12

Whether participants correctly identified the right face or correctly rejected by choosing the empty silhouette.

Question 13

Results

Answer 13

1. Both children and adults were compared on their accuracy.
2. The children’s accuracy was compared ( cartoon and human)
3. All results were displayed in detailed tables.

Question 14

Conclusions

Answer 14

• Young children had a lower correct identification and rejection rates for unfamiliar human faces compared to adults.
• Children had lower correct rejection rate compared to adults.
• Children are more likely to make errors due to social expectations.