Poxviruses and Rabies Flashcards

1
Q

describe poxvirus characteristics

A

DNA, double stranded, asymmetric capsid, both enveloped and uneveloped

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2
Q

what characteristics of poxvirus distinguish it from other viruses?

A

it has an asymmetrical capsid and can be infectious enveloped or unenveloped

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3
Q

does the virion require host RNA polymerases?

A

no, it carries its own.

poxviruses are the only viruses that carry a DNA dependent RNA polymerase with them

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4
Q

where do poxviruses form their inclusion bodies?

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

what do inclusion bodies indicate

A

they indicate sites of virion or nucleocapsid assembly.

can be used to help distinguish viruses

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6
Q

molluscum contagiosum

A

poxvirus transmitted by intimate cutaneous contact

causes white skin papules- bumps on the skin
much worse in immunosuppressed

resolves on its own w/ t-cell immunity

harmless

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7
Q

how is molluscum contagiosum transmitted?

A

intimate cutaneous contact

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8
Q

how long is the incubation period for molluscum contagiosum?

A

2-8 weeks

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9
Q

why can it be difficult to diagnose molluscum contagiosum

A

grows poorly in culture

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10
Q

smallpox characteristics

A

DNA, double stranded, asymmetric, both enveloped and nonenveloped

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11
Q

smallpox transmission

A

respiratory

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12
Q

describe smallpox infection

A

infects respiratory mucosa and lymph,

establishes viremia that attacks lungs, liver, spleen

second viremia infects skin

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13
Q

what is the clinical presentation of smallpox

A

papules, vesicles, pustules.

lesions in oral mucosa are the main source of new infection

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14
Q

smallpox virus vaccine

A

live- vaccinia virus

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15
Q

how many serotypes of smallpox are there?

A

1

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16
Q

how many other animals act as resevoirs for smallpox?

A

0- just humans

17
Q

complications of smallpox vaccinations

A

encephalitis

vaccinia necrosum- spreading necrosis at site of infection d/t t-cell immunity

eczema vaccinatum- pread of lesion in pre-exisitng eczema

generalized vaccinia- spread of lesions in the absence of eczema

heart infection

18
Q

when is the smallpox vaccination useful?

A

prior to infection or w/in 4 days of infection

19
Q

what other treatments work for small pox

A

passive immunization w/ IgG

20
Q

rhabdovirus characteristics

A

RNA, single stranded, minus strand, enveloped, helical

rabies

21
Q

rabies transmission

A

bite from infected animal

22
Q

rabies infection

A

no viremia- tropism for nervous system

replicates into salivary glands

23
Q

incubation period of rabies

A

week to months

24
Q

rabies prognosis untreated?

A

human and canines- fatal

25
rabies symptoms
fever, anorexia Later: hydrophobia (d/t swallowing pain), paralysis, coma, death
26
rabies diagnosis
negri bodies- cytoplasmic inclusions in nerve cells uses fluorescent Abs to confirm
27
where are herpes inclusion bodies?
nucleus
28
rabies vaccine
killed vaccine can be given any time during the incubation period, but once CNS symptoms begin, will not stop death
29
rabies treatment
combination of passive and active IgG given to delay symptoms and then killed vaccine used to activate active immunity used in all cases of unknown bites or prophylactically w/ vets
30
how does transmission usually occur in the US?
bites from wild animals' (bats, foxes, racoons, etc.) dogs are not a big source (except near mexican border) b/c of vaccination requirements