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Virology 2 > Arboviruses, Rubella > Flashcards

Arboviruses, Rubella Flashcards

1
Q

arbovirus characteristics

A

RNA, single stranded, plus stranded, enveloped, icosahedral

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2
Q

how are arboviruses transmitted?

A

via blood sucking arthropod hosts (mosquitos and ticks)

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3
Q

difference between intrinsic incubation and extrinsic incubation

A

intrinsic- incubation in humans- usually 1 week

extrinsic- inside the arthropod, virus is not infectious until 14 days. arthropod is then infected for life

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4
Q

in the USA, what is the only serious disease concern stemming from arboviruses?

A

encephalitis

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5
Q

can you get human to human transmission?

A

not really- not unless blood transfusions

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6
Q

describe the progression of arboviral encephalitis

A

incubation is 1 week

viremia occurs quickly. virus multiplies in vascular endothelium.

causes febrile malaise followed by encephalitis, paralysiss, coma and death

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7
Q

what is the treatment for arboviral encephalitis?

A

none

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8
Q

describe eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and western equine encephalitis

A

togavirus-
RNA, ss, +, enveloped, icos

associated w/ focal outbreaks in summer months, usually near swamps or after rainy seasons

horses and humans are dead-end hosts- usually die before can infect mosquitos

instead, the virus is maintained in nature via transmissions between mosquitos and birds, neither of which develop symptoms

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9
Q

west nile virus

A

flavivirus
RNA, ss, +, enveloped, icos

most common cause of arbovirus in US. imported from egypt recently, now in every state.

maintained by bird-mosquito cycles. humans are dead end hosts. most fatal cases are in elderly

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10
Q

st louis encephalitis

A

flavivirus
RNA, ss, +, enveloped, icos

antigenically related to west nile, native to US. most fatal cases in elderly

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11
Q

dengue fever

A

arbovirus- flavivirus
RNA, ss, +, enveloped, icos

4 types

incubation period 1 week- humans are not dead-end hosts

fever, severe headache, muscle and joint pains, rash

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12
Q

what are the symptoms of dengue fever

A

fever, severe headache, muscle and joint pains, rash

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13
Q

dengue hemorrhagic fever

A

more severe form, notable for hemorrhage, vomiting blood, and shock

caused w/ sequential infections of cross reacting dengue fevers result in excessive inflammation and vascular permeability

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14
Q

yellow fever

A

arbovirus- flavivirus
RNA, ss, +, enveloped, icos

causes fever, nausea, jaundice, hemorrhage

extensive multiplication in liver, spleen, and kidneys

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15
Q

how are yellow fever and dengue transmitted?

A

human-mosquito-human-mosquito

in the jungle, monkeys can also become infected w/ yellow fever and serve as a resevoir from which we can get infected

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16
Q

yellow fever vaccine

A

live attenuated

17
Q

zika

A

arbovirus, flavivirus
RNA, ss, +, enveloped, icos

causes a mild form of dengue, may cause microcephaly

18
Q

what defenses does a fetus have against viral infection?

A 
placenta
maternal IgG
fetal IgM
interferon
cell mediated immunity?
19
Q

parvovirus B-19 characteristics

A

DNA, single stranded, unenveloped, icos

20
Q

how is parvovirus transmitted?

A

through respiratory tract or transplacental

21
Q

what is the parvovirus incubation period?

A

14 days

22
Q

what are the symptoms of parvovirus?

A

asymptomatic

or

fever, malaise, erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek), transient athritis

23
Q

where does parvovirus replicate?

A

RBC precursors- causes lack of new RBCs for a week, which is tolerated fine normally

transient aplasic crisis- person w/ anemia infected with parvovirus has severe deficit in O2 carrying ability

24
Q

hydrops fetalis

A

transplacental infection during first or second trimester can cause death w/ severe swelling

25
Q

rubella characteristics

A

togavirus- NOT ARBOVIRUS

RNA, ss, +, enveloped, icos

26
Q

rubella incubation

A

18 days

27
Q

rubella transmission

A

respiratory aersols

28
Q

rubella multiplication

A

respiratory epithelium followed by viremia

29
Q

rubella symptoms

A

skin rash (3 days), fever, lymphadenopathy, transient arthritis

30
Q

rubella vaccine

A

live attenuated

purpose is to prevent congenital rubella

31
Q

congenital rubella syndrome

A

virus crossing the placenta in the first trimester can have a variety of effects including:

cataracts
heart defects
deafness
retardation
spontaneous abortion

Virology 2 (6 decks)

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