Poxvirus Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics

Size, complexity, genome

A

Largest and most complex virus known, double-stranded DNA virus

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2
Q

Is it easy to grow in the lab?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What hosts do they have?

A

Have their specific animal hosts (humans, monkeys, rodents, cows, sheeps)

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4
Q

What are infections mostly characterised by?

A

Rash

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5
Q

What antibodies does it induce?

A

Both specific and cross-reacting antibodies

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6
Q

What is human poxvirus called and which virus?

A

Small pox
Variola virus

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7
Q

How is smallpox transmitted by?

A

Respiratory route from lesions in respiratory tract

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8
Q

Where does smallpox virus distribute to?

A

Internal organs during 12 day incubation

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9
Q

What is the clinical presentation of smallpox?

A

Rash appears suddenly - papular, vesicular, pustular, leaving pink scars

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10
Q

How is poxvirus vaccines prepared?

A

From vesicular lesions produced in skin of calves and sheep, or it can be grown in chick embryos

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11
Q

What is the risk of poxvirus vaccines?

A

Mild reactions to fatal encephalitis

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12
Q

What does Molluscum contagiosum lead to? Where does it present in children and adults?

A

Small papule that grows into discrete, waxy, smooth, dome-shaped, pearly or flesh-coloured nodule
Children: trunk and proximal extremities
Adults: trunk, pubic areas and thighs

Infection is usually benign and painless

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13
Q

How is Molluscum contagiosum spread?

Who does it tend to occur in?

A
  • Direct contact (may be skin-to-skin after sexual intercourse)
  • Fomites (towels, swimming pools)

Tends to occur in children

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14
Q

How is Molluscum contagiosum diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical appearance
  • Confirmed by PCR (semi-solid caseous material can be expresed from lesions)
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15
Q

How is Molluscum contagiosum treated?

A

Spontaenous recovery!
Treatment is for comestic reasons

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16
Q

How is Monkeypox transmitted?

A
  • Zoonotic (rodents)
  • Close contact
  • Sexual route
  • Vertical (mother to child)
17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Monkeypox?

A
  • Lesions (firm, rubbery, well-circumscribed, deep-seated, often with umbilication)
  • Evolution of lesions from macular, papular, vesicular, pustular, scabbing, desquamation
  • Rash often in genital, anorectal areas, mouth (not always across many body sites, confined to only a single or few lesions, not always on palms and soles)