powers of the mind Flashcards
the cell body is also known as the?
soma
it contains the nucleus and provides fuel, manufactures chemicals, and maintains the enitre neuron in working order
cell body / soma
it carries away signals from the cell body to neighbouring neurons, organs, or muscles
axon
it receives signals from other neurons, muscles, or sense organs and pass the signals toward the cell body
dendrites
it is fatty material that insulates an axon and prevents interference from eletrical signals form adjacent axons
myelin sheath
it is the small gap between the terminal button and its adjacent organ, muscle, or cell body
synapse
it is the region where neurotransmitters are stored
terminal button
these are spherical membrane packages that store neurotransmitter molecules ready for releases near synapses
synaptic vesicles
these are molecules that are released from active neurons and influence the activity of other cells
neurotransmitters
is it also called nerve cells or brain cells
neuron
is it the basic functional units of the nervous system
neuron
it transmits and receives electrical signals in the body
neurons
how many neurons are there in birth?
100 billion
it receives signals or information
sensory neuron
it integrates incoming signals to determine whether or not the information should be passed along
interneuron
it communicates signals to target cells such as other neurons or muscles or glands
motor neurons
during prenatal development, the brain produces how many neurons per minute?
250,000
this is when the more neurons ‘fire’, the more the axons and dendrites grow accustomed to each other, making connections easier to make
long term potentation
t or f
practice and repetition build double connections
true
it is a process by which neurons are generated from neural stem cells and progenitor cells
prenatal neurogenesis
it is the regeneration of new adult neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
neurogenesis for adults
t or f
mature and young neurons encode the same types of information
false
it is the brains ability to grow and change
neuroplasticity
t or f
the brain is not plastic throughout our life and only until adoloscence
false
if neurons are not used at appropriate times during brain development, their ability to make connections die.
what process is this?
neural pruning
it is cell death
apoptosis
removes excess neurons in a safe neat and orderly way
apoptosis
t or f
necrosis is safer than apoptosis
false
passive cell death that is triggered by external factors like traumatic injury, environmental toxins, and infectious agents
necrosis
