powerpoints- acid base/kidney Flashcards
Break down of glomerular wall
increases permeability, makes more leaky
If acidosis -> respiration
hyperventilation -> more CO2 out of blood -> pH will rise
If alkalosis -> respiration
hypoventilation -> CO2 rises in blood -> pH will decrease
In kidney: If acidosis ->
reabsorb and produce HCO3- -> pH will rise
in kidney: If alkalosis ->
decrease reabsorption -> decrease in H+ excretion -> pH will decrease
hematuria
presence of abnormal numbers of red cells in urine
causes of hematuria
glomerular damage tumors which erode the urinary tract urinary tract stones acute tubular necrosis upper and lower urinary tract infections bladder catheter
Pyuria
presence of abnormal numbers of leukocytes
on pp- multilobed nuclei
cause of pyuria
infection in either the upper or lower urinary tract or with acute glomerulonephritis.
Squamous Epithelial Cells
cells from lining of renal tubular
on pp- egg shaped, small nucleus
types of casts
hyaline- youngest waxy- oldest fatty WBC RBC epithelial granular
hyaline cast
protein
factors: low flow rate, high salt concentration, low pH
RBC casts
RBC stick together and form cast
suggests a glomerular or renal tubular injury
WBC Casts
acute pyelonephritis
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidney
Bilirubinuria
liver malfunction, bile duct obstruction or excessive hemolysis
pp- Fine needle-like crystals
Crystalluria
calcium oxalate
triple phosphate crystals
amorphous phosphates
Very uncommon crystals in crystalluria
cystine crystals
tyrosine crystals
leucine crystals
Calcium oxalate crystals
most common kidney stone
on pp- looks like envelope
Uric acid crystals
don’t form kidney stones
deposits in joints
gout
Triple phosphate crystals
on pp- gold bars
Cystinuria
on pp- stop signs
may precipitate out of the urine
Cholesteroluria
on pp- flat squares
renal cortex
on pp- Purple balls with clear surrounding
bowmans space is the clear
distal vs proximal
distal look clearer
proximal have microvilli, look cloudy
