PowerPoint Notes (Unit 1) Flashcards
what percentage or words in Modern English derive from Greek and Latin?
approx. 65%
C.E. stands for _________ ____
Common Era
A.D. stands for _____ _______
Anno Domini
A.D. is placed ______ dates
before
L. (in the year of the Lord)
Anno Domini
C.E. is placed ______ after dates
after
B.C.E. stands for _______ ___ ________ ___
before the common era
B.C. stands for _______ _____
before Christ
B.C.E. and B.C. are put _______ the year
after
if you were to use B.C. you MUST USE _______
A.D.
what century is 550 C.E.?
the sixth century C.E.
what century is 420 B.C.E.?
the fifth century B.C.E.
what century is A.D. 30?
the first century A.D.
people who spoke 1. ______ were in the area of 2. ______ Sea by the middle of the 3. ___ millennium B.C.E. (about 4. ________ B.C.E.)
- Greek
- Aegean
- 2nd
- 1500
The form of writing 1. _________ __ was written in 2. ________
- Linear B
2. Greek
when 1. __________ __ ______ (2. ____-__ B.C.E.) conquered a huge portion of the world, he brought 3. _____ language and 4. ______ to the entire 5. ________ Mediterranean, where it became an important cultural force
- Alexander the Great
- 356-23
- Greek
- culture
- Eastern
- _______ became the 2. _________ language (3. ______ ______) of the 4. _______ Mediterranean
- Greek
- international
- lingua franca
Eastern
the 1. _____ left a lasting mark on many aspects of later 2. ________, Middle Eastern, and even S. Asian culture. —–> Resulting it’s
strong influence on 3. _______
- Greeks
- European
- English
the 1. _______ were og. a 2. _______ 3. ________ people who got their name from their city, 4. _____
- Romans
- central
- Italian
- Rome
out first clear records of them come from the 1. _____ part of the 2. ____ millennium B.C.E. (about 3. ____ B.C.E.)
- middle
- first
- 500
at the time of 1. ______ (2. ___ C.E.) they had a huge empire that controlled the entire 3. ___________ region
- Christ
- 1
- Mediterranean
they spread their language, 1. _____ which became the 2. ________ lang of the 3. __________ Mediterranean; while 4. ______ remained the common lang of the 5. ________ Mediterranean
- Latin
- dominant
- Western
- Greek
- Eastern
the 1. ______ _____ of the 2. _______ Mediterranean was 3. ______
- lingua franca
- Western
- Latin
the 1. ______ admired and imitated many aspects of 2. _____ culture and therefore borrowed 3. ______ vocabulary
- Romans
- Greek
- Greek
the 1. _______, 2. _____-speaking portions of the 3. _____ _____, in the 4. _____ part of the 5. ____ millennium C.E., developed into numerous 6. ___________ states
- Western
- Latin
- Roman Empire
- middle
- first
- independent
the 1. _______, 2. ______-speaking part of the 3. ______ _____ lived on till 4. _____C.E.
- eastern
- Greek
- Roman Empire
- 1453
- ____ remained the language of 2. ________ in the 3. _______ region ‘till just a few 4. ________ ago
- Latin
- education
- Western
- centuries
in everyday life, 1. _____ slowly changed to become the modern 2. _______ languages such as 3. _______, 4. ______, 5. ______, etc
- Latin
- Romance
- French
- Spanish
- Italian
- ______ is NOT a 2. ________ lang; as it does not 3. ________ directly from 4. _______
- English
- Romance
- descend
- Latin
- ________ has been influenced by 2. _______, 3. _________ lang, and 4. ______
- English
- Latin
- Romance
- Greek
in 1. ______ times, 2. _______ was inhabited largely by 3. ______ speakers
- Roman
- Britain
- Celtic
the 1. ________ conquered most of what we now call 2. ________ in the middle part of the 3. ____ century
- Romans
- England
- first
w/ how things were going England would become 1. _____ speakers but in the 2. _______ century, large numbers of 3. ________ entered the 4. ______ ______, often peacefully
- Latin
- fourth
- Germans
- Roman Empire
many of these 1. ______ were fleeing the 2. ____, an 3. ________ people making incursions into 4. _______ from the east
- Germans
- Huns
- Asiatic
- Europe
the 1. ________ 2. ________ posed a particular problem in the late 3. ______ and 4. ______ centuries C.E.
- German
- Visigoths
- fourth
- fifth
The 1. ________ sacked 2. ____ under their king 3. _____ in 4. ____ C.E.
- Visigoths
- Rome
- Alaric
- 410
the 1. ________ abandoned 2. _______ and the 3. ____ portion of the 4. ________ empire eventually fell in 5. _____ C.E.
- Romans
- Britain
- western
- roman
- 476
the 1. ________ lang these people spoke we now call 2. ______-______ or 3. ___ _______, spoken approx. from around 4. _____ (0r 5. ____) to 6. ______ C.E.
- Germanic
- Anglo-Saxon
- Old English
- 400
- 450
- 1100
- _____-______ gradually replaced Celtic lang in much of G.B. (bringing only little embedded 2. ________ words like 3. ______ and 4. ____
- Anglo-Saxon
- Latinate
- street
- wine
- _______, speakers of another 2. _______ lang, 3. ___ _______, arrived in a second wave of 4. ________ invasions starting around 5. _____ C.E. lasting some 6. ______ years
- Vikings
- Germanic
- Old Norse (Frenchy???)
- Germanic
- 800
- 200
the 1. ____-______ who were not 2. ________ og, were converted around 3. ____ C.E.
- Anglo-Saxons
- Christian
- 600
the lang of 1. ________ in 2. _______ Europe was 3. ______ (w/ many 4. _____ loanwords), so many 5. _____ and 6. ______ words begin to enter 7. ______ here
- Christianity
- Western
- Latin
- Greek
- Latin
- Greek
- English
in 1. ____ (2. _____ of 3. _______) 4. ______ __ _______, a 5. _____, conquered 6. ________
- 1066
- Battle
- Hastings
- William the Conqueror
- Norman (France)
- England
- _____ is a lang 2. ________ from 3. ____, so this is the 4. _______ great wave of 5. _____ influence on 6. _______
- French
- derived
- Latin
- second
- Latin
- English
- ___ ______ comes to an end w/ the 2. ______ conquest thus beginning the stage of 3. _______ _______ in 4. _____ C.E. and the beginning of 5. ______ _______ to 6. _____ C.E.
- Old English
- Norman
- Middle English
- 1100
- Modern English
- 1500
- ______ ______ corresponds to the intro of the 2. _______ _____ to 3. _______ by 4. ______ ______ in 5. ______
- Middle English
- printing press
- England
- William Caxton
- 1476
an example of a Middle English writer would be ______
Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales
everyday, household words are mostly _________
Germanic
in the workplace and more formal public settings, we tend to use more _____
Latin, either from French or directly from Latin
in very technical fields we tend to use words of _____ origin
Greek
there are different 1. ______ of 2. _______
- registers
2. English
who is an example of Modern English? (a writer)
Shakespeare
- ___ _______ __ ____ is the first 2. ______-______ king to become 3. ________
- King Ethelbert of Kent
- Anglo-Saxon
- Christian
- ____ conversion brought w/ it 2. _____
- Kent’s
2. Latin
the 1. ____ = 2. _____ (interest-bearing debt) is currently preserved at the 3. _______ Museum in 4. _____ (5. c. ______ B.C.E.) Is possibly the first 6. _______ and is a 7. ________ one
- Urra
- hubullu
- Louvre
- Paris
- 2300
- dictionary
- bilingual
possibly the world’s first monolingual dictionary; the name means: approaching what is correct, proper, refined (c. 3rd C. B.C.E.)
Chinese Eyra
Robert Cawdrey, 1604 2,500 words explain visually hard words used mostly for beginners in English TABLE ALPHABETICALL is the \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
first monolingual English dictionary
who’s layout of the dictionary do we still use today?
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
wrote in a grand scale, and was no longer used for primers for learners
A Dictionary of the English Language (1755)
Johnson’s layout used it for 1. ________ and for 2. ____ words. Got his sources from 3. ______ with over 4. _________ quotations
- harder
- easier
- books
- 114,000
man who made a dictionary to be an “American Standard”
Noah Webster (1758-1843)
the ___ is made from volunteers and staff. it took 25 years for A-Ant to be produced (1884) and another 44 years for the first edition to be done
OED (Oxford English Dictionary)
prescribe (give advice) on how to use words
prescriptive dictionaries
usually don’t judge language as correct or incorrect and tend to be more scholarly
descriptive dictionaries
the two most prestigious dictionaries are 1. _______ and are the 2. ___ and 3. _____ ____ ___ ___________ _______
- descriptive
- OED
- Webster’s Third New International Dictionary
the fullest, most comprehensive dictionaries produced are called
unabridged dictionaries
shorter, less complicated versions of their dictionaries
abridged dictionaries
what’s the best place for etymology entries online?
OED
