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Z 3rd Exam Biomechanics > PowerPoint Chapter 10 > Flashcards

PowerPoint Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a projectile?

A

A body whose motion is subject only to the forces of gravity and fluid resistance

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2
Q

All projectiles exhibit ____, ____, or ____ motion ?

A

All projectiles exhibit linear, rotary, or general motion

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3
Q

The human body is a complex____ ____?

A

The human body is a complex kinetic chain

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4
Q

How does motion from the kinetic chain occur?

A

Kinetic Chain
Motion as a result of force applied by the distal segment of a kinetic chain
(Simple (1seg) or complex (2+ seg) chains)

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5
Q

What are the three keys to utilizing the kinetic chain in projectiles?

A

Involving the entire body
Distal segment is free to move and often with great mobility
Transmitting force up to the point of release

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6
Q

The human body becomes a ____ during the airborne phase of a jump?

A

The human body becomes a projectile during the airborne phase of a jump

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7
Q

What is Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

A

Law of attraction. Two bodies are attracted to one another with force

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8
Q

Gravity is constant at ____m/s2 regardless of ____, ____, or ____ of the projectile?

A

Gravity is constant at 9.81 regardless of size, shape, or weight of the projectile

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9
Q

Vertical projectile has the same ending velocity as initial but reaches ____ at the apex?

A

Vertical projectile has the same ending velocity as initial but reaches 0 at the apex

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10
Q

Velocity ____ on the upward ascent. And ____ on the fall due to Gravity?

A

Velocity decreases on the upward ascent. And increase on the fall due to Gravity

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11
Q

Every projectile has ____ and ____Components that are easier to analyze separately?

A

Every projectile has Horizontal and Vertical Components that are easier to analyze separately

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12
Q

The vertical component of a projectile is influenced by what?

A

Gravity

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13
Q

The horizontal component of a projectile is related to what?

A

Horizontal – (not influenced by Gravity). Relating to distance traveled by projectile

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14
Q

Projectiles with some horizontal component follow a ____ ____ ____?

A

Projectiles with some horizontal component follow a predictable parabolic path

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15
Q

What is a parabola?

A

Parabola – Curved symmetrical shape

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16
Q

What three things does the path of a projectile depend on?

A

Angle of projection
Projection Velocity
Projection Height

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17
Q

The horizontal and vertical components of projectile velocity. Notice that the horizontal component is ____ and the vertical component is constantly ____.

A

The horizontal and vertical components of projectile velocity. Notice that the horizontal component is constant and the vertical component is constantly changing.

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18
Q

Vertical projectiles have the same ending ____ as initial but reaches ____ at the apex?

A

Vertical projectiles have the same ending velocity as initial but reaches 0 at the apex

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19
Q

Velocity decreases on the ____ ascent and increases on the ____ ____ due to gravity

A

Velocity decreases on the upwards ascent and increases on the fall down due to gravity

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20
Q

What is the angle of projection?

A

Angle of projection
-Responsible for the shape of projectile trajectory
-Shape solely dependent on angle

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21
Q

What is the projection velocity?

A

Projection Velocity
Determines length or size of projectile trajectory

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22
Q

What is relative height of projection?

A

Relative height of projection
-Difference in height from initial projection and height at which object lands or stops

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23
Q

What affects the flight of a projectile before release?

A

Angle projection
Projection velocity
Relative height of projection

24
Q

What factors affect the projectile after release?

A

Gravity
Fluid resistance

25
Q

Shape of trajectory(parabolic path) depends on relative sizes of ____ & ____components?

A

Shape of trajectory(parabolic path) depends on relative sizes of vertical & horizontal components

26
Q

An angle of 90 is a ____ trajectory?

A

Vertical

27
Q

An angle of 0-90 is a ____ or ____ trajectory?

A

Oblique or parabolic

28
Q

An angle 0 is a ____ trajectory?

A

Horizontal (½ a parabola )

29
Q

Rule of thumb
Bigger Angle = more ____trajectory
Smaller Angle = more ____ trajectory

A

Rule of thumb
Bigger Angle = more vertical trajectory
Smaller Angle = more horizontal trajectory

30
Q

____ Velocity or velocity at ____ determines Length and Size of Trajectory?

A

Initial Velocity or velocity at release determines Length and Size of Trajectory

31
Q

The combination of ____ and ____ of projection = Range

A

The combination of Speed and angle of projection = Range

32
Q

The combination of Speed and angle of projection = ____

A

The combination of Speed and angle of projection = Range

33
Q

What is range?

A

Range – the horizontal displacement of a projectile

34
Q

What is relative projection height?

A

Difference in start height and ending height

35
Q

Velocity being constant…. ____ ____ has the advantage

A

Velocity being constant…. Projection height has the advantage

36
Q

Longer flight time = greater ____ displacement

A

Longer flight time = greater horizontal displacement

37
Q

When look at a projectile, the interactions of what should be watched for?

A

Drag
Lift

38
Q

What is drag?

A

Drag – Parallel, tend to resist an object through the fluid

39
Q

What is lift?

A

Lift – Perpendicular, tend to change the direction of system motion

40
Q

Rule of thumb: ____° angle is perfect mix of ____ and ____ forces
> 45° = ____ ____
< 45° = ____ ____ ____

A

Rule of thumb: 45° angle is perfect mix of Vert and Horz forces
> 45° = shorter range
< 45° = loss of displacement

41
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Accuracy – horizontal displacement is the main goal: Range of optimal angle of projection narrows significantly

42
Q

Main Goal of Max Horz speed and displacement = Optimal angle tends to be ____ ____?

A

Main Goal of Max Horz speed and displacement = Optimal angle tends to be below 45°.

43
Q

Goal of Displacement/Vert Displacement & Speed = Optimal angle is ____ ____?

A

Goal of Displacement/Vert Displacement & Speed = Optimal angle is above 45°.

44
Q

What is the definition of the laws of uniformly accelerated motion?

A

Laws of uniformly accelerated motion: relate acceleration, displacement, time, and velocity in the condition of a constant gravitational acceleration
-Derived by Galileo
-These ideas apply directly to projectile motion

45
Q

What is the first law of uniformly accelerated motion?

A

vf = vi + at

vf = final velocity
vi = initial velocity
a = the acceleration
t = time
This equation enables us to calculate a projectile’s velocity at any time, if initial velocity and a constant acceleration are known

46
Q

What is the second law of uniformly accelerated motion?

A

pfinal = pinitial + vi t + “a t2” /”2”

pfinal = final position
pinitial = initial position
vi = initial velocity
t = time
a = acceleration

This equation enables us to calculate the final position of a projectile with respect to initial velocity and acceleration.

47
Q

What is the third law of uniformly accelerated motion?

A

v2f = v2i + 2a(d)

v2f = final velocity squared
v2i = initial velocity squared
a = the acceleration
d = positionfinal – positioninitial
This equation enables us to calculate the final velocity of a projectile with respect to acceleration and displacement.

48
Q

What are the variables in uniformly accelerated motion?

A

Variables: Velocity, Acceleration, Displacement, Time

49
Q

The uniformly accelerated motion equations may be used to relate linear ____quantities whenever acceleration (a) is a constant, unchanging value.

A

Kinematic

50
Q

The 3rd law of uniformly accelerated Motion is best suited for ____ projection?
v2f = v2i + 2a(d)

A

The 3rd law of uniformly accelerated Motion is best suited for Vertical projection
v2f = v2i + 2a(d)

51
Q

What events must be considered when analyzing projections vertical distance?

A

Analyzing these events include consideration of : Gravity, Air resistance, Projection angle, Projection velocity, Projection height

52
Q

What assumptions are made when analyzing projections vertical distance?

A

-v2f = 0 Projectile at the apex is = zero
-Acceleration caused by gravity is 9.81 m/s2
-Gravity acts downward making it neg 9.81 m/s2
-A projectile may not be perfectly vertical

53
Q

Total horizontal displacement of a projectile is called ___?

A

Range

54
Q

The ____ component of a projectile remains unchanged throughout trajectory?

A

The horizontal component of a projectile remains unchanged throughout trajectory.

55
Q

What is a simplified second law of uniformly accelerated motion?

A

d = vit

d = horizontal displacement
vi = initial horizontal velocity
t = time of flight

Distance = Rate x Time

Z 3rd Exam Biomechanics (4 decks)

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