PowerPoint Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is a projectile?
A body whose motion is subject only to the forces of gravity and fluid resistance
All projectiles exhibit ____, ____, or ____ motion ?
All projectiles exhibit linear, rotary, or general motion
The human body is a complex____ ____?
The human body is a complex kinetic chain
How does motion from the kinetic chain occur?
Kinetic Chain
Motion as a result of force applied by the distal segment of a kinetic chain
(Simple (1seg) or complex (2+ seg) chains)
What are the three keys to utilizing the kinetic chain in projectiles?
Involving the entire body
Distal segment is free to move and often with great mobility
Transmitting force up to the point of release
The human body becomes a ____ during the airborne phase of a jump?
The human body becomes a projectile during the airborne phase of a jump
What is Newton’s law of universal gravitation?
Law of attraction. Two bodies are attracted to one another with force
Gravity is constant at ____m/s2 regardless of ____, ____, or ____ of the projectile?
Gravity is constant at 9.81 regardless of size, shape, or weight of the projectile
Vertical projectile has the same ending velocity as initial but reaches ____ at the apex?
Vertical projectile has the same ending velocity as initial but reaches 0 at the apex
Velocity ____ on the upward ascent. And ____ on the fall due to Gravity?
Velocity decreases on the upward ascent. And increase on the fall due to Gravity
Every projectile has ____ and ____Components that are easier to analyze separately?
Every projectile has Horizontal and Vertical Components that are easier to analyze separately
The vertical component of a projectile is influenced by what?
Gravity
The horizontal component of a projectile is related to what?
Horizontal – (not influenced by Gravity). Relating to distance traveled by projectile
Projectiles with some horizontal component follow a ____ ____ ____?
Projectiles with some horizontal component follow a predictable parabolic path
What is a parabola?
Parabola – Curved symmetrical shape
What three things does the path of a projectile depend on?
Angle of projection
Projection Velocity
Projection Height
The horizontal and vertical components of projectile velocity. Notice that the horizontal component is ____ and the vertical component is constantly ____.
The horizontal and vertical components of projectile velocity. Notice that the horizontal component is constant and the vertical component is constantly changing.
Vertical projectiles have the same ending ____ as initial but reaches ____ at the apex?
Vertical projectiles have the same ending velocity as initial but reaches 0 at the apex
Velocity decreases on the ____ ascent and increases on the ____ ____ due to gravity
Velocity decreases on the upwards ascent and increases on the fall down due to gravity
What is the angle of projection?
Angle of projection
-Responsible for the shape of projectile trajectory
-Shape solely dependent on angle
What is the projection velocity?
Projection Velocity
Determines length or size of projectile trajectory
What is relative height of projection?
Relative height of projection
-Difference in height from initial projection and height at which object lands or stops
What affects the flight of a projectile before release?
Angle projection
Projection velocity
Relative height of projection
What factors affect the projectile after release?
Gravity
Fluid resistance
Shape of trajectory(parabolic path) depends on relative sizes of ____ & ____components?
Shape of trajectory(parabolic path) depends on relative sizes of vertical & horizontal components
An angle of 90 is a ____ trajectory?
Vertical
An angle of 0-90 is a ____ or ____ trajectory?
Oblique or parabolic
An angle 0 is a ____ trajectory?
Horizontal (½ a parabola )
Rule of thumb
Bigger Angle = more ____trajectory
Smaller Angle = more ____ trajectory
Rule of thumb
Bigger Angle = more vertical trajectory
Smaller Angle = more horizontal trajectory
____ Velocity or velocity at ____ determines Length and Size of Trajectory?
Initial Velocity or velocity at release determines Length and Size of Trajectory
The combination of ____ and ____ of projection = Range
The combination of Speed and angle of projection = Range
The combination of Speed and angle of projection = ____
The combination of Speed and angle of projection = Range
What is range?
Range – the horizontal displacement of a projectile
What is relative projection height?
Difference in start height and ending height
Velocity being constant…. ____ ____ has the advantage
Velocity being constant…. Projection height has the advantage
Longer flight time = greater ____ displacement
Longer flight time = greater horizontal displacement
When look at a projectile, the interactions of what should be watched for?
Drag
Lift
What is drag?
Drag – Parallel, tend to resist an object through the fluid
What is lift?
Lift – Perpendicular, tend to change the direction of system motion
Rule of thumb: ____° angle is perfect mix of ____ and ____ forces
> 45° = ____ ____
< 45° = ____ ____ ____
Rule of thumb: 45° angle is perfect mix of Vert and Horz forces
> 45° = shorter range
< 45° = loss of displacement
What is accuracy?
Accuracy – horizontal displacement is the main goal: Range of optimal angle of projection narrows significantly
Main Goal of Max Horz speed and displacement = Optimal angle tends to be ____ ____?
Main Goal of Max Horz speed and displacement = Optimal angle tends to be below 45°.
Goal of Displacement/Vert Displacement & Speed = Optimal angle is ____ ____?
Goal of Displacement/Vert Displacement & Speed = Optimal angle is above 45°.
What is the definition of the laws of uniformly accelerated motion?
Laws of uniformly accelerated motion: relate acceleration, displacement, time, and velocity in the condition of a constant gravitational acceleration
-Derived by Galileo
-These ideas apply directly to projectile motion
What is the first law of uniformly accelerated motion?
vf = vi + at
vf = final velocity
vi = initial velocity
a = the acceleration
t = time
This equation enables us to calculate a projectile’s velocity at any time, if initial velocity and a constant acceleration are known
What is the second law of uniformly accelerated motion?
pfinal = pinitial + vi t + “a t2” /”2”
pfinal = final position
pinitial = initial position
vi = initial velocity
t = time
a = acceleration
This equation enables us to calculate the final position of a projectile with respect to initial velocity and acceleration.
What is the third law of uniformly accelerated motion?
v2f = v2i + 2a(d)
v2f = final velocity squared
v2i = initial velocity squared
a = the acceleration
d = positionfinal – positioninitial
This equation enables us to calculate the final velocity of a projectile with respect to acceleration and displacement.
What are the variables in uniformly accelerated motion?
Variables: Velocity, Acceleration, Displacement, Time
The uniformly accelerated motion equations may be used to relate linear ____quantities whenever acceleration (a) is a constant, unchanging value.
Kinematic
The 3rd law of uniformly accelerated Motion is best suited for ____ projection?
v2f = v2i + 2a(d)
The 3rd law of uniformly accelerated Motion is best suited for Vertical projection
v2f = v2i + 2a(d)
What events must be considered when analyzing projections vertical distance?
Analyzing these events include consideration of : Gravity, Air resistance, Projection angle, Projection velocity, Projection height
What assumptions are made when analyzing projections vertical distance?
-v2f = 0 Projectile at the apex is = zero
-Acceleration caused by gravity is 9.81 m/s2
-Gravity acts downward making it neg 9.81 m/s2
-A projectile may not be perfectly vertical
Total horizontal displacement of a projectile is called ___?
Range
The ____ component of a projectile remains unchanged throughout trajectory?
The horizontal component of a projectile remains unchanged throughout trajectory.
What is a simplified second law of uniformly accelerated motion?
d = vit
d = horizontal displacement
vi = initial horizontal velocity
t = time of flight
Distance = Rate x Time
