Powerpoint 5 Flashcards
What is Bohr’s model of the atom?
Electrons exist in fixed orbits with specific energy levels.
What happens when energy is absorbed by an atom?
An electron moves to a higher energy level.
What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
It is impossible to know both the position and momentum of an electron simultaneously.
What happens when energy is released by an atom?
An electron drops to a lower energy level, emitting a photon.
What is an orbital?
A 3D region where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
How many electrons can a single orbital hold?
Two electrons with opposite spins.
What is the orbital type for n=1?
1s orbital.
What is the orbital type for n=2
2s and 2p orbitals.
What is the orbital type for n=3
3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals.
What is the orbital type for n=4?
4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f orbitals.
How do radial nodes relate to energy levels?
Radial nodes increase with higher energy levels (e.g., 7s has 6 radial nodes).
How are radial nodes different from angular nodes?
Radial nodes depend on the distance from the nucleus, while angular nodes depend on the shape and orientation of the orbital.
What is a radial node?
A region within an atom where the probability of finding an electron is zero.
How do you calculate the number of radial nodes for an orbital?
RadialNodes=n−l−1, where:
n: Principal quantum number (energy level).
l: Azimuthal quantum number (orbital type: s, p, d, f).
How many radial nodes are in a 2s orbital?
2−0−1=1 radial node.
How many radial nodes are in a 3p orbital?
3−1−1=1 radial node.
How many radial nodes are in a 5d orbital?
5−2−1=2 radial nodes
What happens to the number of radial nodes as the principal quantum number (n) increases?
The number of radial nodes increases, leading to more complex orbital shapes.
How does the presence of radial nodes affect orbital energy?
More radial nodes indicate higher energy within a given subshell.
