Powerpoint Flashcards
What is neurology?
The study of the nervous system
What are the two functions of the NS?
Communication and Control
What are the two types of cells?
Neuron and Neuroliga
The neuron is a basic “?” and functional “?” of the NS?
Structural and cell
What does a neuron respond to?
electrical, chemical and physical stimuli and messages are conducted and transfered thru them
The neuron could be compared to what?
The head coach of a sports team
What connects and supports nervous tissue but doesn’t transfer impulses?
Neuroliga
What are the three types of Glia cells?
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Microglia
What does Neuroliga remove?
Dead neurons
What could neuroliga be compared to?
The members of a sports team
What are the three parts of a neuron?
One cell body, axon and dendrite
What happens once nerve cells are destroyed?
they are gone forever
What is an axon?
Extension what carries impulses away from neuron cell body
What is myelinated?
Protective covering
The what is a fatty covering?
Myslin sheath
Schwann cells are what glia cells that produce what?
Special that produce myelin sheath
What do Schwann cells provide?
Nutrition and support
The Neurolemma is the what most membrane of the Schwann cell, and it allows what?
outer most and it allows axon to repair themselves
The what are gaps in neurolemma that facilitate conduction
Nodes of Ranvier
Dendrites are short branches extensions of what that receive what from axon and transmits toward cells body.
Cell body and impulses,
What do dendrites respond to?
Chemical messages sent across the synapse
An axon is an extension that carries “?” “?” from the cell body
impulses away from
The synapse is the what between what?
Spaces between an axon of one neuron and dendrites of the next
Nerves transmit impulses in only what direction relating ro location of what?
One direction and relating to location of the neurotransmitters
What are the four neurotransmitters?
Serotonin, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine
Serotonin regulates what?
Mood and sleep
Acetylcholine is related to what?
learning, activates motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles
Norepinephrine is related to what
stress and arousal
Dopamine is related to what?
pleasure, rewards and voluntary movements
What are the neuron classifications?
Sensory, Motor and Interneurons
What are sensory neurons also calls?
Afferent
Sensory neurons are nerves that are mode up of only what neurons and receive and transmit “?” “?” from “?”
To CNS from all parts of the body
Motor neurons are also called what?
Efferent
Motor neurons receive and transmit messages “?” “?” to all body parts
From CNS
Interneurons are what between what?
Links between motor and sensory
Interneurons are only found in what?
CNS
What is the CNS made up of?
The brain and spinal cord
A nerve is a what made up of many what?
fiber made up of axons
What are the three types of nerves?
Sensory, motor and mixed
What neurons make up sensory nerves?
Sensory
What neurons make up motor nerves?
motor
Motor nerves influences what and cause glands to what?
Activity and secrete
What cells are more abundant than neurons?
Glia
What are the two major parts of the Nervous System?
The central nervous system and the Peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system is made of up what?
the brain, spinal cord and accessory structures
What peripheral nervous system is made up of what?
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and the autonomic nervous system?
What are the three major parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, Cerebellum and the brainstem
How much of the brains volume is the Cerebrum?
80%
The cerebrum is divided into what?
two hemispheres
HOw many lobes does the cerebral cortex have?
four
What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and Occipital
The frontal is responsible for what>
higher levels of mental function, judgement and communication
The frontal lobe directs what?
Body movement = motor functions
What is an example of a motor function in the frontal lobe?
Used when we decide to speak
What is the parietal lobe?
sensory area.
The parietal lobe controls sensation of… and it is involved in ..
touch tem and pain, spacial ability. speech and communication
The temporal lobe controls what, and interpretation of
hearing and smell
The occipital lobe directs?
Vision
What is white matter?
Interior brain tissue
What are most neurons collected into.
“packages”
What is ganglion?
a clump of neuron cell bodies in areas of joints
The right hemisphere of the brain controls what side of the body?
left
Decussation is what of nerve tracts in medulla
crossing
What does the corpus callosum allow the right side to know?
what the left side is doing
What does the thalamus allow ?
Feelings of whole sensation and focuses on important activities
What would be an example of when someone uses their thalamus?
touching a snowball
Where does the thalamus lie in the brain?
between hemispheres and the brainstem
Where is the hypothalamus located?
below the thalamus
Where is the limbic system located
between inner brain and cerebrum
What is the limbic system responsible for?
maintaining level of awareness
What are the two major components of the limbic system?
Hippocampus and the reticular formation
How much of the brain is made up of the Cerebellum?
20%
What are the three parts of the brain stem?
Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
Where is midbrain located?
Top
What are the midbrains functions?
Reflex center, and it helps with the ability to keep head up right
The pons are a “what” that contain nerve tracts
bridge
Pons help with what?
breathing
Where is the medulla oblongata located
below the pons
What are the CNS Accessory structures?
Meninges, Cerebrospinal fluid, ventricles
D.A.P
Dura, arachnoid, pia
Subarachnoid space?
Houses fld of CNS called CSF
The PNS is made of what two nerve groups?
Crainial and spinal
What are the divisions of ANS
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Sensory division takes what to the brain?
information
What is your sense of proprioceptions?
awareness of body
Motor division sends what and what commands from CNS to what to do what?
Involuntary and voluntary to muscles and glands to secrete hormones
What do mixed nerves allow?
signals to pass to and from CNS
How many pairs of cranial nerves attach to the brain?
12
How many pairs of nerves attach to the spinal cord?
31 pairs
What does each nerve contain?
Dorsal root, ventral root and dorsal root ganglion
What does the dorsal root receive?
Sensory data
The ventral root carries what impulses to what
motor impulses to muscles and glands
The dorsal root ganglion is a what of nerve cell bodies?
collection
What is a plexus?
group of spinal nerves
Which division of ANS raises heart rate and dilates pupils?
sympathetic
Which division of ANS slows heart rate and constricts pupils?
parasympathetic
