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Chapter 19 > Powerpoint > Flashcards

Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

What is neurology?

A

The study of the nervous system

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2
Q

What are the two functions of the NS?

A

Communication and Control

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3
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Neuron and Neuroliga

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4
Q

The neuron is a basic “?” and functional “?” of the NS?

A

Structural and cell

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5
Q

What does a neuron respond to?

A

electrical, chemical and physical stimuli and messages are conducted and transfered thru them

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6
Q

The neuron could be compared to what?

A

The head coach of a sports team

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7
Q

What connects and supports nervous tissue but doesn’t transfer impulses?

A

Neuroliga

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8
Q

What are the three types of Glia cells?

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Microglia

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9
Q

What does Neuroliga remove?

A

Dead neurons

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10
Q

What could neuroliga be compared to?

A

The members of a sports team

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11
Q

What are the three parts of a neuron?

A

One cell body, axon and dendrite

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12
Q

What happens once nerve cells are destroyed?

A

they are gone forever

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13
Q

What is an axon?

A

Extension what carries impulses away from neuron cell body

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14
Q

What is myelinated?

A

Protective covering

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15
Q

The what is a fatty covering?

A

Myslin sheath

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16
Q

Schwann cells are what glia cells that produce what?

A

Special that produce myelin sheath

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17
Q

What do Schwann cells provide?

A

Nutrition and support

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18
Q

The Neurolemma is the what most membrane of the Schwann cell, and it allows what?

A

outer most and it allows axon to repair themselves

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19
Q

The what are gaps in neurolemma that facilitate conduction

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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20
Q

Dendrites are short branches extensions of what that receive what from axon and transmits toward cells body.

A

Cell body and impulses,

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21
Q

What do dendrites respond to?

A

Chemical messages sent across the synapse

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22
Q

An axon is an extension that carries “?” “?” from the cell body

A

impulses away from

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23
Q

The synapse is the what between what?

A

Spaces between an axon of one neuron and dendrites of the next

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24
Q

Nerves transmit impulses in only what direction relating ro location of what?

A

One direction and relating to location of the neurotransmitters

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25
Q

What are the four neurotransmitters?

A

Serotonin, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine

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26
Q

Serotonin regulates what?

A

Mood and sleep

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27
Q

Acetylcholine is related to what?

A

learning, activates motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles

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28
Q

Norepinephrine is related to what

A

stress and arousal

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29
Q

Dopamine is related to what?

A

pleasure, rewards and voluntary movements

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30
Q

What are the neuron classifications?

A

Sensory, Motor and Interneurons

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31
Q

What are sensory neurons also calls?

A

Afferent

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32
Q

Sensory neurons are nerves that are mode up of only what neurons and receive and transmit “?” “?” from “?”

A

To CNS from all parts of the body

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33
Q

Motor neurons are also called what?

A

Efferent

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34
Q

Motor neurons receive and transmit messages “?” “?” to all body parts

A

From CNS

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35
Q

Interneurons are what between what?

A

Links between motor and sensory

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36
Q

Interneurons are only found in what?

A

CNS

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37
Q

What is the CNS made up of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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38
Q

A nerve is a what made up of many what?

A

fiber made up of axons

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39
Q

What are the three types of nerves?

A

Sensory, motor and mixed

40
Q

What neurons make up sensory nerves?

A

Sensory

41
Q

What neurons make up motor nerves?

A

motor

42
Q

Motor nerves influences what and cause glands to what?

A

Activity and secrete

43
Q

What cells are more abundant than neurons?

A

Glia

44
Q

What are the two major parts of the Nervous System?

A

The central nervous system and the Peripheral nervous system

45
Q

The central nervous system is made of up what?

A

the brain, spinal cord and accessory structures

46
Q

What peripheral nervous system is made up of what?

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and the autonomic nervous system?

47
Q

What are the three major parts of the brain?

A

Cerebrum, Cerebellum and the brainstem

48
Q

How much of the brains volume is the Cerebrum?

A

80%

49
Q

The cerebrum is divided into what?

A

two hemispheres

50
Q

HOw many lobes does the cerebral cortex have?

A

four

51
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and Occipital

52
Q

The frontal is responsible for what>

A

higher levels of mental function, judgement and communication

53
Q

The frontal lobe directs what?

A

Body movement = motor functions

54
Q

What is an example of a motor function in the frontal lobe?

A

Used when we decide to speak

55
Q

What is the parietal lobe?

A

sensory area.

56
Q

The parietal lobe controls sensation of… and it is involved in ..

A

touch tem and pain, spacial ability. speech and communication

57
Q

The temporal lobe controls what, and interpretation of

A

hearing and smell

58
Q

The occipital lobe directs?

A

Vision

59
Q

What is white matter?

A

Interior brain tissue

60
Q

What are most neurons collected into.

A

“packages”

61
Q

What is ganglion?

A

a clump of neuron cell bodies in areas of joints

62
Q

The right hemisphere of the brain controls what side of the body?

A

left

63
Q

Decussation is what of nerve tracts in medulla

A

crossing

64
Q

What does the corpus callosum allow the right side to know?

A

what the left side is doing

65
Q

What does the thalamus allow ?

A

Feelings of whole sensation and focuses on important activities

66
Q

What would be an example of when someone uses their thalamus?

A

touching a snowball

67
Q

Where does the thalamus lie in the brain?

A

between hemispheres and the brainstem

68
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

below the thalamus

69
Q

Where is the limbic system located

A

between inner brain and cerebrum

70
Q

What is the limbic system responsible for?

A

maintaining level of awareness

71
Q

What are the two major components of the limbic system?

A

Hippocampus and the reticular formation

72
Q

How much of the brain is made up of the Cerebellum?

A

20%

73
Q

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

74
Q

Where is midbrain located?

A

Top

75
Q

What are the midbrains functions?

A

Reflex center, and it helps with the ability to keep head up right

76
Q

The pons are a “what” that contain nerve tracts

A

bridge

77
Q

Pons help with what?

A

breathing

78
Q

Where is the medulla oblongata located

A

below the pons

79
Q

What are the CNS Accessory structures?

A

Meninges, Cerebrospinal fluid, ventricles

80
Q

D.A.P

A

Dura, arachnoid, pia

81
Q

Subarachnoid space?

A

Houses fld of CNS called CSF

82
Q

The PNS is made of what two nerve groups?

A

Crainial and spinal

83
Q

What are the divisions of ANS

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

84
Q

Sensory division takes what to the brain?

A

information

85
Q

What is your sense of proprioceptions?

A

awareness of body

86
Q

Motor division sends what and what commands from CNS to what to do what?

A

Involuntary and voluntary to muscles and glands to secrete hormones

87
Q

What do mixed nerves allow?

A

signals to pass to and from CNS

88
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves attach to the brain?

A

12

89
Q

How many pairs of nerves attach to the spinal cord?

A

31 pairs

90
Q

What does each nerve contain?

A

Dorsal root, ventral root and dorsal root ganglion

91
Q

What does the dorsal root receive?

A

Sensory data

92
Q

The ventral root carries what impulses to what

A

motor impulses to muscles and glands

93
Q

The dorsal root ganglion is a what of nerve cell bodies?

A

collection

94
Q

What is a plexus?

A

group of spinal nerves

95
Q

Which division of ANS raises heart rate and dilates pupils?

A

sympathetic

96
Q

Which division of ANS slows heart rate and constricts pupils?

A

parasympathetic

Chapter 19 (2 decks)

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