powerpoint

Question 1

spontaneous process

Answer 1

a process that occurs without outside intervation

Question 2

nonspontaneous process

Answer 2

a process that only occurs as long as energy is continually added to the system

Question 3

spontaneity depends on…

Answer 3

dispersion of energy

Question 4

many spontaneous processes are…

Answer 4

exothermic

Question 5

entropy

Answer 5

measure of how dispersed the energy in a system is at a specific temperature

Question 6

energy distribution is affected by…

Answer 6

molecular motion and volume

Question 7

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

the total entropy of the universe increases in any spontaneous process

Question 8

for a system to be spontaneous, deltaSuniv…

Answer 8

must be greater than 0

Question 9

if Ssys is less than 0…

Answer 9

Ssurr must be greater for Suniv to be greater than 0

Question 10

if Suniv is not greater than 0…

Answer 10

the process is not spontaneous

Question 11

reversible process

Answer 11

process that can be run in the reverse direction, the system has been restored to its original state, no net energy has flowed either to the system or its surroundings

Question 12

if Ssys and Ssurr are greater than 0…

Answer 12

always spontaneous

Question 13

if Ssys is less than 0 and Ssurr is greater than 0

Answer 13

spontaneous if Ssys is less than Ssurr

nonspontaneous if Ssys is greater than Ssurr

Question 14

if Ssys is greater than 0 and Ssurr is less than 0

Answer 14

spontaneous if Ssys is greater than Ssurr

nonspontaneous if Ssys is less than Ssurr

Question 15

if Ssys and Ssurr are less than 0…

Answer 15

always nonspontaneous

Question 16

third law of thermodynamics

Answer 16

the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at absolute zero

Question 17

standard molar entropy

Answer 17

the absolute entropy of one mole of a substance in its standard state at 298 K and one bar of pressure

Question 18

as the complexity of molecular structure increases,

Answer 18

entropy increases

Question 19

qsurr =

Answer 19

-deltaHsys

Question 20

gibbs free energy

Answer 20

the maximum energy released by a process occurring at constant temperature and pressure that is available to do useful work

Question 21

if the system experiences an increase in entropy then,

Answer 21

Srxn is greater than 0

Question 22

if the process is exothermic

Answer 22

Hrxn is less than 0

Question 23

deltaGf

Answer 23

the change in free energy associated with the formation of one mole of it in its standard state from its elements in their standard states

Question 24

deltaG =

Answer 24

energy that does work

Question 25

if H is negative and S is positive

Answer 25

deltaG is always less than 0 and always spontaneous

Question 26

if H and S are negative

Answer 26

deltaG is less than 0 at lower temperatures and spontaneous at lower temperatures

Question 27

if H and S are positive

Answer 27

deltaG is less than 0 at higher temperatures and spontaneous at higher temperatures

Question 28

if H is positive and S is negative

Answer 28

deltaG is greater than 0 and never spontaneous

Question 29

deltaG is less than 0, K is

Answer 29

large and favors the products

Question 30

deltaG is slightly negative, K

Answer 30

slightly favors the products

Question 31

deltaG is greater than 0, K is

Answer 31

small and favors the reactants