Powerpoint

Question 1

organic chemistry

Answer 1

the chemistry of all compounds containing carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 2

biomolecule

Answer 2

any molecule produced by a living organism

Question 3

biochemistry

Answer 3

the study of chemical processes taking place in living organisms

Question 4

cis isomer

Answer 4

molecule with two like groups on the same side of the molecule

Question 5

trans isomer

Answer 5

molecule with two like groups on opposite sides of the molecule

Question 6

optical isomer

Answer 6

molecules that are not superimposable on their mirror images

Question 7

enantiomers

Answer 7

on of a pair of optical isomers of a compound

Question 8

racemic mixture

Answer 8

a sample containing equal amounts of both enantiomers of a compound

Question 9

proteins

Answer 9

biological polymers made of amino acids

Question 10

amino acids

Answer 10

molecules that contain on amine group and one carboxylic acid group

Question 11

zwitterion

Answer 11

a molecule that has both positively and negatively charged groups in its structure

Question 12

quaternary structure

Answer 12

the larger structure functioning as a single unit that results when two or more protein chains associate

Question 13

active site

Answer 13

the location on an enzyme where a reactive substance binds

Question 14

substrate

Answer 14

the reactant that binds to the active site in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question 15

inhibitor

Answer 15

a compound that diminishes or destroys the ability of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction

Question 16

glycosidic linkage

Answer 16

a C-O-C bond between sugar molecules

Question 17

starch

Answer 17

a-glucose with a-1,4-glycosidic bonds

Question 18

cellulose

Answer 18

b-glucose with b-1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 19

biomass

Answer 19

sum total of the mass of organic matter in any given ecological system

Question 20

biofuels

Answer 20

ethanol. from fermentation of food stock

Question 21

lipids

Answer 21

class of water-insoluble compounds that are common structural materials in cells

Question 22

glyceride

Answer 22

lipid consisting of esters formed between fatty acids and the alcohol glycerol

Question 23

fats

Answer 23

solid triglycerides containing primarily saturated fatty acids

Question 24

oils

Answer 24

liquid triglycerides containing primarily unsaturated fatty acids

Question 25

phospholipid

Answer 25

molecule of glycerol with two fatty acids and one polar phosphate group

Question 26

cholesterol

Answer 26

essential component of cell walls and steroid hormones, important in biosynthesis of proteins

Question 27

nucleotides

Answer 27

monomer unit from which nucleic acids are made, contained five carbon sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

Question 28

replication

Answer 28

process by which one double-stranded DNA forms two new DNA molecules

Question 29

transcription

Answer 29

process of copying information of DNA to RNA

Question 30

messenger RNA

Answer 30

polynucleotide that carries the code for synthesizing a protein from DNA

Question 31

codon

Answer 31

three-base sequence that encodes for a specific amino acid

Question 32

translation

Answer 32

process of assembling proteins from information encoded in RNA

Question 33

transfer RNA

Answer 33

polynucleotide that delivers amino acids one at a time to polypeptide chains being assembled