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Z 1st Exam Biomechanics > PowerPoint 1 > Flashcards

PowerPoint 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Movement is ____?

A

Life

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2
Q

Biomechanics?

A

-The Physics(mechanics) of motion exhibited or produced by biological systems
-Field of study examining forces acting upon, within, and produced by a body
-Integrates biological characteristics with traditional mechanics

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3
Q

Mechanics?

A

The branch of Physics specifically concerned with the effect of forces and energy on the motion of bodies

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4
Q

Two branches of physics/mechanics?

A

Statics and dynamics

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5
Q

Statics?

A

Branch of Mechanics concerned with objects in a state of equilibrium
-Rest
-Or constant state of motion

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6
Q

Dynamics?

A

Branch of Mechanics concerned with objects in a state of acceleration or changing motion

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7
Q

Kinetics?

A

The study of forces that inhibit, cause, facilitate or modify motion in a body

Examples – Friction, Gravity, Pressure

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8
Q

Kinematics?

A

The study or description of the spatial (direction with respect to a 3D world) or temporal (motion with respect to time) characteristics of motion without regard to causative forces.

Examples
-Displacement ( Distance Traveled in Meters or Degrees)
-Velocity ( Displacement in a given time – M/sec or Deg/sec)

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9
Q

What are the seven disciplines that biomechanics is connected to?

A

Coaching
Ergonomics
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Sports medicine
Adapted movement
Functional anatomy

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10
Q

Three-step process in biomechanics?

A

Identify Problems
Find Solutions
Bring information to the public

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11
Q

Exercise physiology two definitions?

A

The study of physiology under conditions of disrupted homeostatis

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12
Q

What is movement caused by in a person?

A

Contraction of skeletal muscle

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13
Q

What is the link between physiology and biomechanics?

A

Neuromuscular system

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14
Q

Muscles are a ____ factor that affects ____ values?

A

kinetic… kinematic

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15
Q

When is the human body best appreciated?

A

When its systems are challenged

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16
Q

Three sub-areas of motor behavior?

A

Motor control
Motor development
Motor learning

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17
Q

What does motor mean?

A

Movement

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18
Q

Motor control?

A

How the nervous system controls the muscles during complex movements

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19
Q

Motor development?

A

Progression of motor control throughout the lifespan due to maturation

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20
Q

Motor learning?

A

Changes in proficiency of motor control through experience and/or practice

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21
Q

What are the two systems for motor control?

A

Open-loop and closed-loop

22
Q

Open-loop motor control?

A

A skill that occurs at a faster rate than feedback can change

Example: a full swing in softball batting

23
Q

Closed-loop motor control?

A

A skill that can be changed while in motion as a result of feedback

Example: tracking and catching a fly ball
Feedback comes from the Eyes, Ears, and proprioceptors throughout the body.

24
Q

Motor control changes across the ____?

A

Lifespan

25
Q

What type are primary motor activities at birth?

A

Not voluntary and reflexive

26
Q

When does voluntary motion begin?

A

When nerves and muscles are ready and reflexes are inhibited

27
Q

Kinetics and kinematics of all skills change with ____ ____?

A

Motor development

28
Q

Biomechanical changes evolve because of?

A

-Changes in body size with growth and regression
-Length of limbs, mass of body segments
-Changes due to maturation of nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems
-Readiness, learning, experience, aging

29
Q

What is motor learning focused on?

A

Focuses primarily on neurological aspects of attaining and retaining motor skills.

30
Q

How is motor learning performed in early stages of life?

A

Reflex driven learning aka Trial and Error

31
Q

What does motor proficiency change due to?

A

Experience/practice

32
Q

Ergonomics?

A

A discipline concerned with the interaction of humans and machines and with the factors that influence that interaction

33
Q

What does ergonomics try to improve?

A

The human-machine system by “designing-in” a better human-machine interface or “designing-out” factors in the work task or environment that interfere with system performance.

34
Q

What does ergonomics attempt to improve?

A

The human-machine system by “designing-in” a better human-machine interface or “designing-out” factors in the work task or environment that interfere with system performance.

35
Q

Five workplaces to use ergonomics?

A

Factory
Truck driving
Logistics
Shipping companies
Farmers

36
Q

Physical therapy?

A

The field dedicated to preventing, evaluating, and treating movement abnormalities

37
Q

What can disordered movement be caused by?

A

Injury
Disease
Muscular imbalance
Congenital conditions

38
Q

Abnormal motion at one joint is often associated with what?

A

Abnormal motion at another joint

39
Q

Sports medicine?

A

Athletic trainers focus on preventing and immediately treating injuries that occur during sports and on rehabilitating athletes after such injuries

40
Q

What can biomechanics help an ATC understand?

A

The mechanism of the injury

41
Q

What methods can an ATC employ to prevent injury?

A

Preventing injury may require such methods as bracing and taping, both of which can affect normal human motion

42
Q

Pedagogy?

A

The principles and methods of instruction
Includes both teaching and coaching

43
Q

What must be considered to present information in the most effective way for each student?

A

Level of proficiency
Type of learner
Type and frequency of feedback

44
Q

What are objectives of pedagogy?

A

Encourage learning
Enhance performance

45
Q

Adapted motion?

A

Instruction and modifications for clients with cognitive and physical challenges

-Challenges due to loss of sensory function (visual, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive)
-Processing challenges for understanding instructions and selecting effective motor programs (autism, Down Syndrome)
-Challenges in activating coordinated muscular actions (multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, CP, paralysis)

46
Q

What can modifications include for adapted motion?

A

Equipment, rules, environment, and instructional strategies

47
Q

Eight common questions or problems studied by biomechanics?

A

Toddlers
Astronauts
Osteoporosis
Fall risk
Gait
Cerebral Palsy
Surgeons
Prosthetic limbs

48
Q

What will learning biomechanics promote?

A

-Communication skills/ language for professional field
-Foundational principles built upon more in depth in further educational settings
-Problem solving skills for desired profession/career

49
Q

What must professionals in biomechanics be good at?

A

Asking question and analyzing movement

50
Q

What are the two types of questions to ask?

A

General and specific

Z 1st Exam Biomechanics (4 decks)

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