powerplant (lecture) Flashcards
Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time.
Leonardo da Vinci
Discovered by Leonardo da Vinci found in Manuscript B, Folio 83v.
Aerial Screw
What year was the aerial screw drawn
late 1400s
where was the aerial screw based off?
rotation of maple seeds as they fall of the ground and off of Archimedes’ screw created in 200 BC.
English coal viewer and inventor. He was born
in Nottinghamshire, but moved to Warwickshire in the 1760s to manage collieries in
the Nuneaton area.
John Barber
What was not taken out until 1791 by John Barber.
First patent for a heat engine.
who made the first truly practical piston engine and when
1860 Etienne Lenoir of France
who and what year developed the four-stroke, five-event cycle which is used by most modern reciprocating aircraft engine
1876 by Dr. August Otto
a Belgian engineer who
developed the internal combustion engine in 1858
Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir
a German engineer who successfully developed the
compressed charge internal combustion engine which ran
on petroleum gas and led to the modern internal combustion
engine.
Nicolaus August Otto
Aircraft requires ___ to produce enough speed for the wings to provide lift to overcome the weight of AC for vertical takeoff
thrust
what force propels the aircraft and useful output of all aircraft powerplants
thrust
the reciprocating engine is rated in what
brake horsepower
the gas turbine engine is rated in what
thrust horsepower
basic parameter for describing fuel economy of AC engine
specific fuel consumption
Specific fuel consumption for gas turbines is measured in
(lb/hr) / brake horsepower
specific fuel for reciprocating engine is measured in
fuel flow (‘b/hr) / brake horsepower
called when airplanes perform at the specified ratings in varying flight altitudes and extreme weather conditions
Reliable
Called when the amount of engine life obtained while maintaining the desired reliability. The fact that an engine has successfully completed its
type or proof test indicates that it can be operated in a normal manner over a long period
before requiring overhaul.
Durability
Ability of an engine to run smoothly and give desired performances at all speeds from idling to full-power output.
operating flexibility
To affect proper streamlining and balancing of an aircraft, the
shape and size of the engine must be as compact. In single engine aircraft, the shape and size of the engine also affect the view of the pilot, making a smaller engine better from this standpoint, in addition to reducing the drag created by a large frontal area.
compactness
what engine is used for aircraft whose cruising speed does not exceed 250 mph
reciprocating engine
what engine is used for when the economy is required in the low speed range plus with efficiency and low cost
conventional reciprocating
has even number or cylinders
inline engines
has one crankshaft (located either above or below cylinders)
inline engines
it has a small frontal area + better adapted to streamlining and Confined to low and medium horsepower engines (old light aircrafts).
inline engines
Generally mounted with the
cylinders in horizontal position.
opposed or o-type engines.
Has 2 banks of cylinders directly opposite each other with a crankshaft in the center. The pistons of both cylinder banks are connected to the single crankshaft.
opposed or o-type engines.
Used during WWII and limited to older aircraft. 12 cylinders are arranged in two inline banks generally set 60° apart.
v type engines
Consists of a rows, of cylinders arranged radially about a central crankcase. Some radial engines have two rows of seven or nine cylinders arranged radially about the crankcase, one in front of the other
radial engine
what are the principles of engine operation
pressure, volume, and temperature of gases
device for converting heat energy into mechanical energy
internal combustion
what is accomplished in the cylinder?
conversion of resultant heat energy into mechanical energy and then into work
valve allowing for the escape of the burning exhaust gases
exhaust valve
lets in the fresh charge of the fuel/air mixture
intake valve
what are the four strokes and five cycle
four stroke: intake, compression, power, exhaust
five cycle: intake, compression, ignition, power, exhaust
how many strokes are required to complete operating cycle of each cylinder.
four strokes
how many revolutions and degrees of the crankshaft are required in four strokes?
720 degrees
