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power training > power training 1 > Flashcards

power training 1 Flashcards

1
Q

athletic performance is donimated by a combination of what abilities

A

biomotor

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2
Q

what are the 3 factors with in biomotor abilities

A

strength and force
speed
endurance

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3
Q

what is the definition of strengh

A

maximam force developed by the contracting muscle

ability of a muscle to produce stress or force

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4
Q

what is the definition of power

A

the rate of muscular force production over the range of motion in a specific time period

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5
Q

for neural control when muscle force is greater when

A

a) more motor units are involved in a contraction
b) the motor units are greater in size
c) the rate of firing is faster

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6
Q

strength and power when looking at muscle cross sectional area

A

the force a muscle can exert is related to its cross-sectional area rather than to its volume

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7
Q

strength and power when looking at arrangement of muscle fibres

A

variation exists in the arrangement and alignment of sarcomeres in relation to the long axis of the muscle

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8
Q

what is a dynamic contraction

A

produced movement of a skeletal body part such as an upper or lower limb or the trunk

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9
Q

what are the two types of dynmic contractions

A

concentric and eccentric

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10
Q

what is static contraction

A

muscle activation without observable change in muscle fibre length

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11
Q

what type of contraction is the static

A

isometric

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12
Q

what happens at a resting length for the muscle length

A

1) actin and myosin filament lie next to each other
2) maximal number of potential cross-bridges sites available
3) muscle can generate the greatest force

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13
Q

what happens when stretched for the muscle length

A

1) a smaler proportion of the actin and myosin filaments lie mext to each other
2) fewer potential cross-bridge sites available
3) muscles cannot generate as much force

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14
Q

what happens when contracted for the muscle length

A

1) the actin filaments overlap
2) the number of cross-bridge sites is reduced
3) decreased force generation capability

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15
Q

the length-tension (force) curve what is it

A

optimal length at which muscle fibres generates their maximal force
total amount of force developed depends on the total number of myosin crossbridges interacting with active sites on the actin

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16
Q

what is the difference between the less the optimal and more length less force curve

A

less - less crossbridge interaction
optimal - max crossbridge interaction, max force
more length - less crossbridge interaction = less force

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17
Q

the power output equasion

A

power output= force X velocity

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18
Q

what is dynamic strength

A

the ability of muscle to exert force at a specific velocity

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19
Q

what are the 4 main requirements for number of athlete of athletic skills in power

A

1) maximal force that develops
2) how fat force can be developed
3) activation of ssc
4) neural co-ordination of movement

20
Q

anaerobic training can be what ttype of training

A 
weight training 
plyometric drills 
speed training
agility training
interval training
21
Q

what adaptations occur after restistance training

A 
increase in muscular strenght/endurance 
aerobic stays the same 
increase in rate of force production 
increase in vertical jump 
increase in anaerobic power 
increase in sprint speed
22
Q

what are acute responses to exercise

A

acute hypertrophy

23
Q

what are chronic adaptations to exercise

A

repeated stress
over compensation
chronic muscle hypertrophy

24
Q

what are the 6 factors that influence muscle mass

A
  1. genetics
  2. physical activity
  3. nutritional status
  4. endocrine infulences
  5. enviromental factors
  6. nervous system activation
25
Q

what are the neural adaptations to exercise

A

central adaptations
motor units
neuromuscular junction and reflex potentiation
anaerobic training and electromyography studies

26
Q

what are the central adaptations to the neural adaptations

A

motor cortex activity increases when the level of force developed increases and when new exercises or movements are being learned

27
Q

where does neural changes for anaerobic training occur

A

along the descending corticospinal

28
Q

where may the motor nurons intervate between

A

100

29
Q

what is the size principle

A

the recruitment and derecruitment of motor units is governed by the size principle

30
Q

what is selective recruitment

A

selective recruitment allows inhibition of lower threshold motor units to activate higher threshold units

31
Q

what are 3 possible changes with trining concerning neuromuscular junction (nmj)

A

1) increased area of nmj
2) more dispersed, irregularly shaped synapses and a greated total length of nerve terminal branching
3) increased end plate perimeter and area as well as great dispersion of acetylcholine receptors within the end plate

32
Q

what are the neuromuscular reflex potentiation adaptations

A

anaerobic training may enhanced the reflex responce, thereby enhancing the magnitude and rate of force development

33
Q

what are 4 muscular adaptation

A
  1. muscular growth
  2. fiber size changes
  3. fibre types transitions
  4. structural and architectural change
34
Q

muscular growth is refered to as

A

muscle hypertrophy

35
Q

what is hyperplasia

A

is an increase in the number of muscle fibres via longitudinal fibre splitting

36
Q

hypertrophy involves what

A

actin and myosin

37
Q

the myofilamients are added to

A

the external layers of the myofibril resulting in an increase in its diameter

38
Q

resistance training results in increases wht fibre types

A

types one and type 2

39
Q

what fibre type is greater in size

A

type 2

40
Q

muscle growth uses the protein balance shift what is it

A

mainly enhances protein synthesis

however some decreases in protein degradation increased number nuclei to manage new protein

41
Q

insulin like growth factors (IGF-I) skeletal muscle over load or eccentric muscle mean what?

A

local production
includes mecano-growth factor MGF
within hours of resistance training session: increases MGF

42
Q

MGF activates satellite cells by

A

either proliferate and becomes new nuclei

or becomes myoblasts, fuse with existing protien filiments to form new contractile protein

43
Q

what is te fibre type transition

A

IIx –> IIax –> IIa –> IIac –> IIc then IIc

44
Q

what does resistance training increase wen looking at structural and architecturl changes

A 
myofibrillar volume 
cytoplasmic density 
sarcoplasmic reticulum 
t-tuble density 
sodium-pottassium  atpase activity
45
Q

what can be other muscular adaptations

A

reduce mitochondrial density
decrease capillary density
increase buffering capacity
changes in muscle substrate content

power training (3 decks)

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