Power point 1 Flashcards
Anatomical position
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body. [everything is in reference to anatomical position]
Active Movement
Movement performed that engages muscles (when working with a partner, they move their own arm)
Passive Movement
Movement performed by doing the motion for the individual/ partner.
Resisted Movement
Partner attempts to perform an action against your gentle resistance.
Muscle
voluntary contractile tissue that moves the skeleton.
Epimysium
Encases the muscle belly
Perimysium
Encases bundles of fibers
Endomysium
Encases a single muscle fiber
Periostium
Encases bone, tendons attach to
Agonist
Muscle that carries out an action
Synergist
Muscle that supports the agonist
Antagonist
Muscle that has an opposite action of the antagonist
Parallel muscles
have long fibers that run parallel to the length (long axis) of the muscle. There are 5 types of parallel muscle.
Pennate muscles
Have shorter fibers that run obliquely to their tendons. There are 3 types of pennate muscle.
Fascicle Arrangement : Circular
Circular: Fascicles arranged in concentric rings.
Fascicle Arrangement : Convergent
Muscle has a broad origin, and its fascicles converge toward a single tendon of insertion.
Triangular or fan shaped like the pectoralis major muscle of the anterior thorax.
Fascicle Arrangement: fusiform muscles:
spindle-shaped muscles
Regions of the Body [ Anterior View]
Facial Mandibular Supraclavicular Antecubital Palmar Patellar Crural Dorsal Planar Femoral Pubic Inguinal Abdominal Cubital Brachial Axillary Pectoral
Regions of the body [Posterior view]
Cephalic Carpal Dorsal Digital Gluteal Popliteal Sural Pelvic Sacral Lumbar Thoraic Scapular Acrominal Cervical Cranial
Axial
Cranium vertebral column ribs sternum hyoid
Appendicular
arms
legs
pectoral girdle (scaplula, clavicle)
pelvic girdle (hips)
Sagittal
Divides the body into left and right
Mid Sagittal
Sagittal plane that lies on the midline
Frontal or Coronal
Divides the body into anterior and posterior
Transverse or horizontal
Divides the body into superior and inferior
Oblique Section
cuts made diagonally
Peri Sagittal
Alongside
Superior and Inferior (Cranial and Cudal)
toward and away from the head respectively
Anterior and Posterior (ventral and dorsal)
toward the front and back of the body
Medial, lateral, and intermediate
toward the midline, away from the midline, and between a more medial and lateral structure
Proximal and Distal
closer to and farther away from the origin of the body
superficial and deep
toward and away from the body surface
Prone
ventral surface down, facedown
Supine
back of dorsal surface downward
ipsilateral
Same side
Contralateral
Opposite side
Extension
Open- Movement that straightens or opens a joint [sagittal plane]
Flexion
Close - movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together [sagittal plane]
Adduction
closer - brings a limb medially toward the body’s midline [frontal plane, appendages]
Abduction
away- moves limbs laterally away from the midline [frontal plane, appendages]
Rotation
pertains only to the axial skeleton (head and vertebral column, transverse plane)
Medial rotation and lateral rotation
Medial - limb turns in toward the midline
Lateral - swings the limb away form the midline
Circumduction
Cone shaped movement (combination of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, Only at shoulders and hips.
Lateral flexion
Spine (Occurs only at the axial skeleton)
Elevation and depression
Movements of the scapula and jaw - Elevation is movement superiorly. Depression is movement inferiorly.
Inversion and eversion
feet, combination of movements of several joints of the feet.
Inversion - turn in
Eversion - turn out
Plantar flexion
Movement of the ankle only
Plantar flexion - moving your ankle to point your foot
dorsifelxion - opposite movement - pulling ankle back
