Power point 09 Review Flashcards
The election of 1824 featured _____.
William Crawford (Sec. of Treasury) John Q. Adams (Sec. of State) Henry Clay (Speaker of the House) Andrew Jackson (President)
All were Republicans
What was the “Corrupt Bargain” that surrounded the election of 1824?
Adams selecting Clay as his Secretary of State.
What most accurately describes John Quincy Adam’s term as president?
Never able to overcome his “corrupt bargain” of the 1824 election; Congress who were still outraged about the “corrupt bargain” opposed most of his initiatives.
What led to the formation of the Democratic Party between 1824 and 1828?
Van Buren felt that there was an ongoing effort to revive the Hamiltonian doctrines and have the national government lead the nation’s economy.
a. Legislation
b. Favoring particular businesses
c. Moving 1/2 a million men off the farm and into industry.
What did John C. Calhoun do as the Vice President early in the Adams administration’s term, of office that so infuriated the President and his followers?
He exercised his authority appointing opponents of Adams to the major committees.
In his inauguration speech, John Quincy Adams endorsed ____.
The old American System of Hamilton:
- High tariffs
- Nationally funded internal improvements
- A national bank
What was one of the biggest differences between the two candidates of the election of 1828?
Adams was one of the best-educated and qualified men who held office and Jackson was a moron.
What were considered priorities of the Jackson administration?
- Removal of the Indians from the white population
- Put a stop to the abuses of the powers of the Federal Government in regard to internal improvements.
- To oppose as well the re-incorporation of the existing National Bank, as the establishment of any other equally unauthorized by the Federal Constitution.
- Arrest as far as possible the abuses that had crept into the legislation of Congress upon the subject of protecting duties and restore it to the footing upon which it was placed at the commencement of the Government by imposing no duties beyond what was necessary for revenue and by assessing those in a way adapted to encourage our own labor.
What step did Jackson take concerning the national bank?
He vetoed Clay’s rechartering request.
What did the first six presidents consider the purpose of the presidential veto to be?
To enforce constitutional limitations on congressional authority, not for political purposes.
When Jackson ordered all US funds transferred from the national bank his first two Secretaries of the Treasury informed Jackson _____.
that it was illegal for him to take the money out of the bank of the US despite the fact that he agreed with Jackson.
What led to the economic downturn at the end of Jackson’s administration?
The Specie Circular
Only allowed for specie to be accepted by the national government in payment for western lands.
What was the overall effect of the protective tariffs?
Drove up the price on ALL consumer goods, especially farmers.
The industries protected by the tariffs which largely located in the North and since the South paid a vast majority of the tariff, the tariff was nothing more than a way for the North, though legislative tariffs, ____.
to transfer the wealth of the south to the northern protected industries.
What did Calhoun believe was the proper procedure to be followed if a state decided to consider nullification of central government law?
If the national government adopted a policy that was unconstitutional and dangerous a state could call a convention of the same kind that had been used to ratify the constitution;
a. Statewide
b. Delegates were to be elected to the convention by popular vote
c. The convention would be the representation of the sovereign people; like the ratifying conventions
d. The sovereign people of the state acting as the sovereign would then have a right to say what the Constitution meant
e. It could say that authoritatively because as one of the creators of the Constitution it had a right to determine what was meant.
Explain Calhoun’s ideas concerning what options were available to the states should a state decide to nullify a government law? (2)
- if 3/4 of the states disagreed with the nullifying state the nullifying state’s interpretation of the Constitution would be rejected;
- If the nullifying state’s interpretation was rejected and the nullifying state could then
a. Accept the verdict of the other states
b. Or it could choose to leave the union on the basis that it had never accepted that particular interpretation of the Constitution and was not going to live under the Constitution as interpreted by the other states.
South Carolina claimed Congress’s power to regulate trade only applied to revenue but, not to a protective tariff _____.
the purpose of the power to regulate trade did include any type of tariff congress chose to levy; There was no distinction made at the ratification of the Constitution between revenue and protective tariffs.
When South Carolina nullified the tariff in 1832 President Jackson ____. (2)
Said that;
- Nullification is treason
- South Carolinians had been misled by their politicians.
Why was Jackson’s accusation the nullification was treason incorrect?
States had the constitutional right to nullify any laws that they felt were unconstitutional.
How did Virginia’s planned response to Jackson’s threat to enforce the tariff in South Carolina compare to what happened in 1861?
They would call up the militia to oppose the army’s movement, which they did in 1861.
During the nullification crisis, why did Calhoun reach out to Henry Clay and his supporters?
Jackson instructed the Democrats not to speak with Calhoun or his supporters concerning the nullification situation; this was Calhoun’s only option.
The nullification crisis of 1832 was resolved when ____.
Clay and Calhoun worked out a compromise where the tariff would be reduced by 3% per year over the next ten years.
Why did John Taylor vote against the Force Bill?
He insisted that the president did not have the power to use the force of the military against a state.
While Calhoun avoided a “civil war” as a result of the nullification crisis of 1832 the real effect was ____.
his realization that this type of crisis where one state attempted to stand up against the national government should not occur again.
Why did John Tyler and many Southern Whigs consider Jackson and Clay “two shades of the same color?”
They both believed in unconstitutional legislation.
What is considered the defining issue of the Tyler administration?
The annexation of Texas
How long did the Battle of San Jacinto last?
18 minutes
What was the real issue concerning slavery during the middle of the 19th Century in the United States?
Another slave state would upset the balance of power in the Senate.
The annexation of Texas into the union was finally achieved by _____.
1845
With what two countries did Polk almost lead the United States into war?
Great Britain
Mexico
The Mexican-American War marks what “first” in American history?
It was the first executive deception with the intent of goading the United States into a war.
