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Environmental Technology 2 > power generation > Flashcards

power generation Flashcards

1
Q

name the two types of power generation in terms of the scale of production

A

macro generation and micro generation

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2
Q

define micro generation

A

the small scale generation of power and heat

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3
Q

define macro genration

A

the large scale generation of power and heat

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4
Q

state the law of the conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be changed into different forms.

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5
Q

what is renewable energy

A

energy that comes from a non-finite resource/ energy that comes from a source that produces little to no harm to the environment

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6
Q

express the equation in relation to the reduction of energy loss

A

P=I (squared) x R

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7
Q

explain the equation for calculating energy loss

A

P=I (squared) x R

P= power losses/ watts
I= current/Amps
R= resistance of cables/Ohms
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8
Q

explain what energy conversion occur within a: boiler

A

the heat energy created from burning fossil fuels is used to heat water. this water will then evaporate and create pressurised steam. chemical = thermal

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9
Q

explain what energy conversion occur within a: steam turbine

A

the pressurised steam from the boiler is used to rotate the turbines. thermal = kinetic

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10
Q

explain what energy conversion occur within a: generator

A

the rotation of the main shaft from the turbines will be rotating within the generator. the shaft will be surrounded by magnets. the rotation will cause a magnetic field to form and generate electricity. kinetic = electrical

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11
Q

list 5 different forms of renewable energy

A 
wind
solar
hydro
biomass
tidal
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12
Q

a renewable energy resource can be classified as direct or indirect. explain these terms

A

direct: energy generated directly from a source.indirect: energy taken from a resource into another form or aspect to then be used as a power source (physical attribute)

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13
Q

give 2 examples of direct energy sources

A

wind-wind turbines

hydro-hydro electric plants/dams

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14
Q

give 2 examples of indirect energy sources

A

biomass-anaerobic digester

solar-solar panels/solar PV panels

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15
Q

why is a “step up transformer” used in power grids

A

by increasing the voltage of the electrical energy within the cables, the current will reduce and so the power losses will also decrease as the energy is travelling through transmission lines

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16
Q

list 2 forms of micro electrical generation technologies

A

small scale wind turbines

solar PV panels

17
Q

list 3 forms of micro heat generation technologies

A

solar thermal panel

sheat pumpsbiomass

18
Q

list the parts of a basic wind turbine.

A 
hub
blades
shaft-low speed
shaft-high speed
 gearbox
generator
casing/nacelle
tower
19
Q

define a SMART grid system

A

A SMART grid is a substitute grid system that would allow a two way flow of information and electricity between producers and users. it provides every household with the means to become a producer.

20
Q

outline 4 advantages of a SMART grid system

A

1.reduction of carbon emissions and dependency on suppliers.2.will reduce the need to upgrade the current grid3. a 2 way flow of communication4. by using smart meters we can allow our machines to work at optimum time and save money and power.

21
Q

what does a CHP generator stand for

A

combined heat and power generator

22
Q

explain the Betz limit and the specific figures associated with it.

A

in 1928 Albert Betz identified that the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from the wind and converted to other forms is 59.3%. this is due to loss of energy, for example heat and sound.

23
Q

list 4 advantages of the CHP generator system

A
  1. more energy efficient (80%)2. requires less fuel to function3. less waste heat put into the atmosphere4. saves energy 15-40%extras: reduction of Co2 emissionsincrease on fuel securityincrease employment
24
Q

what percentage of EU power is generated using CHP (combined heat and power.

A

11.2%

25
Q

explain the term intermittent

A

intermittent: this can refer to renewable energy sources such as the sun or wind. it refers to how the sources of power generation are not always present due to certain circumstances, such as clouds blocking the sun or a day with no wind. the energy supply cannot rely solely on these systems alone.

26
Q

name the two types of heat pump

A

ground source heat pump

air source heat pump

27
Q

name the 4 parts of a heat pump system

A

expansion valve
evaporator
compressor
condenser

28
Q

explain the importance of an expansion valve

A

the expansion valve is used to expand the refrigerant before it flows back to the evaporator. because the refrigerant (wet vapour) has been heated and compressed, it needs to expand and cool so that the vapour is able to match the same temperature as the atmosphere outside

29
Q

explain the importance of an evaporator

A

the evaporator is used is used to take in and expel thermal energy. this will be to either heat or cool the refridgerant within the system.

30
Q

explain the importance of a compressor

A

in order for the refrigerant to meet the required temperature within the building, the wet vapour must be compressed until it becomes almost 100% vapour, this will greatly increase the vapour temperature.

31
Q

explain the importance of a condenser

A

now that the refrigerant is heated to suitable temperature, it is the role of the condenser to act as a pump as allow the vapour to travel from room to room allowing heat into each room required.

32
Q

explain how a heat pump system can be used as a cooling system

A

the evaporator and the condenser are able to switch their purpose

33
Q

list 5 advantages of micro generation systems

A
  1. Heat and power can be generated together
  2. Reduces fuel bills
  3. Reduces Co2 emission
  4. close to user generation (no power lost through power lines)
  5. less likely blackoutsextra: secure and cost effective supply to meet energy needs
34
Q

express 0 Kelvin (absolute zero) in Celsius

A

-273.15 ‘C

35
Q

list the 3 forms of closed loop ground source heat pumps

A
  1. horizontal loop
  2. vertical loop
  3. pond/lake loop
36
Q

COP (co-efficient of performance)= Qh / WQc+W=Qha heat pump operates at 800w, and the thermal input energy is 1300w. what is the COP of this heat pump

A

800+1300 = 2100Qh = 2.1kw2100/800 = 3COP = 3

Environmental Technology 2 (7 decks)

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