Power And The People Flashcards
1
Q
What are the Causes of Magna Carta?
A
- Religion-king doesn’t follow rules of church, not religious
- War w/ France-ongoing, very high taxes, John kept money for himself
- Taxes-SCUTAGE(new tax)-knights & barons use instead of fighting king
2
Q
What are the Events of the Magna Carta?
A
Battle with France and King John - English land in France sinks in
3
Q
What are the Consequences of Magna Carta?
A
- ST:everyone suspect to law, power or king subject to law - law only changed through due process
- Rule of Law - foundation store of modern liberal democracy
- LT:protected right of nobility
4
Q
What are the Dominant Themes of Magna Carta?
A
- War with France
- Religion - King John not religious
- Role of individual - King John
5
Q
What are the Causes of Simon de Montfort?
A
- Expectation to limit kings power with law
- Sign Magna Carta because of barons but Henry 3rd didn’t stick to it
- He lost war with France-in debt, lost land
- He used French officials in government
- Didn’t apply war fairly
- Favourites got treatment
- Using sherifs to impose king policy but not law
6
Q
What are the Events of Simon de Montfort?
A
- Simon won battle of Lewes in May 1264 with Henry
* Henry won battle of Evesham in August 1265
7
Q
What are the Consequences of Simon de Montfort
A
- Sign provision of Oxford
- Set of demands by barons to hold Henry 3rd account - but he broke them again so battle between Simon and henry broke out, Simon won
- Establishment of parliament(bishops) by 1265 - idea that parliament can make laws but not king, power gone from king to government
8
Q
What are the Causes of Peasants Revolt?
A
- Increase in poll tax(arbitory tax) because expensive war with France, everyone pay same amount
- Black death - economic recession
- Crop failure - bad harvest, couldn’t afford to buy, starvation
9
Q
What are the Events in Peasants Revolt?
A
- Marched on Oldgate, 12000 rebels
- Preaching at Black Heath
- Watt Tyler killed by Lord Mayor of London
- 7000 rebels killed
10
Q
What are the Consequences of the Peasants Revolt?
A
- ST:demands not met, vulnerability of government
- LT:end of fudal system, 50 years later(1450) villains were freed, further protests gained inspiration by this
- Fudal system ended because money shifted from Barons to people
11
Q
What are the Dominant Themes of Peasants Revolt?
A
- Economic-inflation
- Role of individual-Watt Tyler, John Bail
- War with France
- Criticism of government
12
Q
What are the Causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
A
- Religion-N of England mainly catholic, return country to how it was before
- War-increase taxes due to expensive war
- Money-People can’t pay taxes, cost of living rises
13
Q
What are the Events of Pilgrimage of Grace?
A
- Marched to prevent dissolution of monasteries & expansion of the Protestant church
- Robert Aske led march
14
Q
What are the Consequences of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
A
- Failure
- Henry emerged stronger, more in control than before
- Accelerate the changes that were opposed
- All monasteries closed & more changes made to religious services
15
Q
What are the Causes of the English Civil War?
A
- Charles 1st charges ship tax to all regions of UK when not in war
- Religion-suspicion try convert country to Catholicism because wife is catholic, gave catholic prayer book to Protestant country (Scotland) so they rebelled so need to raise tax revenue to crush rebellion
- Politics-11 years without parliament, perception that Charles 1st had too much power
- Arrogant which annoyed politicians & land owners
16
Q
What are the Events of the English Civil war?
A
- Parliament attempted to rule without king in 1650-53
- 1653-Cromwell shut it down by marching into parliament
- 1653-59-Cromwell = virtual dictator - Puritan dictatorship
17
Q
What are the Consequences of the English Civil War?
A
- Trial Charles 1-try him for high treason, acting in own interest and not for country or people waging war against parliament - guilty
- Emergence of groups (levellers, diggers)
18
Q
What are the Causes of the American Revolution?
A
- 7 year war w/ France-British troops sent-tax exposed(stamp tax), British believed pay cost of tax
- Religious divide & conflict in Britain-weak, Britain very divided
- Government-tories, wigs
19
Q
What are the Events in American Revolution?
A
- John Adams-1735 to 1826- helped craft American constitution-strongly anti slavery, commited republican
- Thomas Paine-published ‘conmen sense’- 1776-argued case of American Consitution
20
Q
WhT are the Consequences of American Revolution?
A
- 1st time colony overthrows European rule-people considering shifting power from monarchy to government
- Declaration of independence
21
Q
What are the Causes of Extending the Franchise (group of people who have right to vote)?
A
- Open ballad-disaster
- Mp’s not paid-only rich people could be them
- Voters-Male, 25+, own property
- Rotten borough-tiny constitutes
- Votes were rare
22
Q
What were the Events of Extending the Franchise?
A
- Chartists-organised protests & participated in by-elections, organised big petitions to parliament receiving 6 million signatures
- Peterloo-peaceful protest against corn laws, Manchester local government scared by 200,000 people turning up so arrested speaker Henry Hunt and 700 people injured from government going through crowd
23
Q
What were the Consequences of Extending the Franchise?
A
- Secret ballad
- More people allowed to vote
- Illegal for bribery & corruption
24
Q
What were the Causes of Trade Unions?
A
Many workers came together to protect their wages and status - used force and put pressure on employers
25
What were the Events of Trade Unions?
* 1699-Newcastle Keelman came together-give themselves more power to negotiate with employers
* 1820s to 30s- union begun- grand national consolidated trade unions
26
What were the Consequences of Trade Unions?
* Helped develop idea of worker solidarity
* Successful for couple months
* Failed In 1834- turn to political action and the Chartists
27
What were Woman’s rights?
Representation to vote, social economic inequality (unequal pay)
28
What were Labour rights?
Rights to be payed relative to amount of work being done (not exploited) - to form workers union to strike for industrial action
29
What were Minority Rights?
Rights according to your race & ethnicity- not equal to jobs & wages - police brutality - poor quality housing (informal segregation, separated)
30
What were the Events for the Minority Rights?
* 1948-windrush migration (Jamaican migrants)
* 1962-commonwealth immigration act
* 1964-openly racist conservative
* 1967-national front formed
* 1981/1985-Brixton riots (economic depression)
* 2000-recreation act
31
What are the Events for Labour rights?
* 1920-power act, could ban strike
* 1926-general strike
* 1927-Trade dispirit act
32
What are the Events for Woman’s rights?
* 1903-Pankhursts founded WSPU-violent
* 1913-Emily Davison ran in front of kings horse
* 1918-woman 30+ given right to vote
* 1923-Equal divorce
* 1928-21+ can vote
* 1930-18+ can vote
* 1967-abortion act
* 1968-on strike at Fords Dagenham factory
* 1974-birth control introduced
* 1975-illegal to discriminate against woman on pay
33
Why did the King depend on the Barons?
* King chief supporters
* Helped king keep personal control by the knights getting peasants to work for them without pay for 3/4 days a week in exchange for land they farmed but not owned
* Provide King with political support
* Provide military service
* Grant land to each knight in exchange knights fight for baron and protect castles, etc
